Kroeber and Sapir's focus on Native American languages helped establish linguistics as a truly general science and free it from its historical focus on Indo-European languages.

During his time at Yale he worked on the description of the Hopi language, and the historical linguistics of the Uto-Aztecan languages, publishing many influential papers in professional journals.

By comparison Whorf's other work in linguistics, the development of such concepts as the allophone and the cryptotype, and the formulation of " Whorf's law " in Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics, have met with broad acceptance.

Sapir also encouraged Whorf to continue his work on the historical and descriptive linguistics of Uto-Aztecan.

Before Sapir it was generally considered impossible to apply the methods of historical linguistics to languages of indigenous peoples because they were believed to be more primitive than the Indo-European languages.

Among his substantial publications from this period were his book on " Time Perspective in the Aboriginal American Culture " ( 1916 ), in which he laid out an approach to using historical linguistics to study the prehistory of Native American cultures.

However, when and where the ancestors of the Goths assigned this name to themselves and whether they used it in Indo-European or proto-Germanic times remain unsolved questions of historical linguistics and prehistoric archaeology.

Modern historical analysis usually draws upon other social sciences, including economics, sociology, politics, psychology, anthropology, philosophy and linguistics.

Scholarly techniques such as the recording of oral history, historical linguistics, archaeology and genetics have been crucial.

Moreover, there are similarities between major groups, although how these similarities are to be interpreted is one of the major debatable issues in the historical linguistics of Indo-European.

In historical linguistics, language families are often considered to be descended from proto-languages.

With written attestations appearing since the Bronze Age, in the form of the Anatolian languages and Mycenaean Greek, the Indo-European family is significant to the field of historical linguistics as possessing the longest recorded history after the Afroasiatic family.

He made significant contributions to Indo-European historical linguistics, the description of Austronesian languages, and description of languages of the Algonquian family.

His doctoral dissertation in Germanic historical linguistics was supervised by Wood, and he graduated in 1909.

Bloomfield throughout his career, but particularly during his early career, emphasized the Neogrammarian principle of regular sound change as a foundational concept in historical linguistics.

“ Bloomfield and historical linguistics .” Robert A.

Comparative historical linguistics studies the evolutions languages and takes a diachronic view of the lexicon.

The term ' family ' comes from the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree or in a subsequent modification to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy.

American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America.

In historical onomasiology or, more generally, in historical linguistics, metaphor is defined as semantic change based on similarity, i. e. a similarity in form or function between the original concept named by a word and the target concept named by this word.

Philology is the study of language in written historical sources ; it is a combination of literary studies, history and linguistics.

Because of its focus on historical development ( diachronic analysis ), philology came to be used as a term contrasting with linguistics.

The meaning of " love of learning and literature " was narrowed to " the study of the historical development of languages " ( historical linguistics ) in 19th-century usage of the term.

The Plague is in part a historical allegory, in which the plague signifies the German occupation of France from 1940 to 1944 during World War II.

The solution to the puzzle as well as explaining the historical circumstances leading to the choice of the Agri Decumates as a defensive point and the concentration of Germans there are probably to be found in the German attack on the Gallic fortified town of Vesontio in 58 BC.

These were differently sized in different countries, for instance, the historical French acre was 4, 221 square metres, whereas in Germany as many variants of " acre " existed as there were German states.

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the " lenis " consonants transcribed for historical reasons as are distinguished from their fortis counterparts, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

Recent research conducted at the German military historical

Many Central European countries and regions were parts of the German Empire | German and the Austro-Hungarian empires ; thus they also have historical and cultural connections.

Daniel Kehlmann's 2005 novel Die Vermessung der Welt, translated into English as Measuring the World ( 2006 ), explores Gauss's life and work through a lens of historical fiction, contrasting them with those of the German explorer Alexander von Humboldt.

More politically consolidated nations sponsored historical research projects which produced results of permanent value-such as the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (" Monuments of German History ") project.

There are also several thousand German citizens and other ethnic Germans residing in Denmark with no historical connection to this group.

However, at the last moment Charle Steinhauslin, at the time consulate of 26 countries in Florence, convinced the German general in Italy that the Ponte Vecchio was not to be blown up due to its historical value.

The German word Land is the exact cognate of English land but it carries many political, constitutional, and historical meanings absent from the English term ( among other things a constituent state of the German Federal Republic, historically a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, but also " rural " as opposed to " urban ", etc .— the Swedish lantis equating to " country bumpkin " or " hick "— most of these meanings are borne by the Anglo-Norman word country in English ).

After negotiations, the Saarland Greens rejected the option of a left-wing ' red-red-green ' coalition with the SPD and The Left ( Die Linke ) in order to form a centre-right state government with the CDU and Free Democratic Party ( FDP ), a historical first time that a Jamaica coalition has formed in German politics.

Heinrich Schliemann (; ( January 6, 1822 – December 26, 1890 ) was a German businessman and amateur archaeologist, and an advocate of the historical reality of places mentioned in the works of Homer.

One of the potential complications were the claims to historical eastern Germany, since unless these were renounced, some foreign governments might not agree to German reunification.

Unconventional as a draughtsman, his treatment of human form is often exaggerated and eccentric ( hence his linkage, in the art historical literature, with European Mannerism ), whilst his ornamental style — profuse, eclectic, and akin to the self-consciously " German " strain of contemporary limewood sculptors — is equally distinctive.

* Haithabu is the modern German spelling used when referring to the historical settlement, it is also often used in this way in anglophone academic contexts.

* Institut für Dokumentologie und Editorik, a German think tank for the application of digital methods on historical documents

Jacob Grimm lectured on legal antiquities, historical grammar, literary history, and diplomatics, explained Old German poems, and commented on the Germania of Tacitus.

The first edition of the first part of the Grammar ( which appeared in 1819 ), and is now extremely rare, treated of the inflections of all these languages, and included a general introduction, in which he vindicated the importance of an historical study of the German language against the a priori, quasi-philosophical methods then in vogue.

In collaboration with Engels he also set about writing a book which is often seen as his best treatment of the concept of historical materialism, The German Ideology ; the work, like many others, would not see publication in Marx's lifetime, being published only in 1932.

The oblast's largest city and administrative center is Kaliningrad ( formerly known as Königsberg ), which has historical significance as both a major city of the historical state of Prussia and the capital of the former German province of East Prussia.

The territory of the Kaliningrad Oblast coincides with that of the northern part of historical East Prussia ( German: Nord-Ostpreussen ), which was an exclave of Germany from World War I until 1945.