Voltaire concludes with Candide, if not rejecting optimism outright, advocating an enigmatic precept, " we must cultivate our garden ", in lieu of the Leibnizian mantra of Pangloss, " all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds ".

In the same rule FDA is proposing to permit a firm to use the terms " electronically pasteurized " or " cold pasteurized " in lieu of " irradiated ", provided it notifies the agency that the irradiation process being used meets the criteria specified for use of the term " pasteurized ".

A prefix that indicates an integer, e. g., " bin ", " tern ," or " quatern ", may be used in lieu of a numeral, to produce " binary ", " ternary ", or " quaternary " ( 2, 3, and 4 states respectively ).

", some as landowner, some in lieu of rights to tithe.

In Terry Pluto's book on the ABA, " Loose Balls ", Daniels recalled that the Claws ' players were allowed to take equipment and furniture from the team office in lieu of payment.

The name camisard in the Occitan language is variously attributed to a type of linen smock or shirt, known as camisa, peasant wear in lieu of any sort of uniform ; camisada, in the sense of " night attack ", is derived from a feature of their tactics.

Nor is it possible for an employer to give a worker " rolled up holiday pay ", for instance an additional 12. 5 % in a wage bill, in lieu of taking actual holidays.

During his service in the United States Navy, Beach was awarded the Navy Cross, the Silver Star with Gold Star in lieu of a second Silver Star, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star with a combat Distinguished " V " and Gold Star in lieu of a second Bronze Star Medal with a combat Distinguished " V ", Letter of Commendation Ribbon with Gold Star in lieu of second award and " V " device from the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet, three Presidential Unit Citations, the Navy Unit Commendation, American Defense Service Medal with Atlantic Fleet Clasp, the American Campaign Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with three engagement stars, the World War II Victory Medal and the National Defense Service Medal with bronze service star in lieu of second award.

Using a " deed in lieu of foreclosure ," or " strict foreclosure ", the noteholder claims the title and possession of the property back in full satisfaction of a debt, usually on contract.

( As a note of historical comparison, in Imperial Russia the mining workers at state mines ( bergals, " бергалы ", from German Bergauer ) were often recruited in lieu of military service which, for a certain period, had a term of 25 years ).

The stated reason was a dispute about whether this hotel would be considered " leasable space ", which is a term used in the payment in lieu of taxes ( PILOT ) agreement between the county and the developer.

According to the institute, the letters " do not represent specific words ", and an MAI may not use the words " Member, Appraisal Institute " in lieu of the MAI mark.

Known as the " coup by memorandum ", which the military delivered in lieu of sending out tanks, as it had done previously, it came amid worsening domestic strife, but ultimately did little to halt this phenomenon.

Orks use a modified form of the English language, in which phonetic misspellings such as " kannon ", " choppa ", and " boyz ", which are commonly utilized in lieu of standard spelling.

The state railway administration AFE has announced that starting January, 2010, 419 km of track will be renewed on the Pintado-Rivera section of the central main line and part of the international branch from Rivera to Santana do Livramento, using north of Chamberlain Russian rail given in lieu of a debt.

Given Russia's often inadequately trained conscript armies and the use of inaccurate smooth-bore muskets, Russian officers preferred to use the bayonet charge in lieu of musket volley fire where possible.

Prior to 1827 Jews did not serve in the Russian army, but they were subject to double taxation in lieu of military service.

The reason for creating another alter ego was Akunin's desire to write historical novels without a mystery component and to attempt a " Slavophile " look at Russian history in lieu of his usual " Westerner " outlook.

One of them made Moldovan the official language, in lieu of Russian, the de facto official language of the Soviet Union.

Each ArtsFirst weekend, the first weekend in May, there is a courtyard performance of the 1812 Overture, during which those not part of the official orchestral ensemble are encouraged to assist on kazoos ; in lieu of cannon, hydrogen-filled balloons are ignited by the House chemistry tutor ; and until recently ( see below ) the performance would climax with the role originally scored by Tchaikovsky for authentic Russian zvon ( a set of bells similar to a carillon ), being played ( appropriately enough ) by Lowell's own authentic Russian zvon.

Mr. Pig misread the note, however, and, in lieu of a Russian SCUD missile, had hired a Russian stud name Mikhail.

Additionally, the keyboard and high score cartridge were canceled, the expansion port was removed from later production runs of the system and, in lieu of new titles, the system was launched with titles intended for the 7800's debut in 1984.

In lieu of college he took a job working as an assistant teacher at Christ Church Grammar School in Perth, Western Australia, and later hitchhiked around the western half of the continent.

Warren later sold Bolan's contract and recordings for £ 200 to his landlord, property mogul David Kirch, in lieu of three months ' back rent.

Charges were later dropped in lieu of community service.

By the 14th century, the town had come to be known as Beau lieu, French for " Beautiful place "-a compliment that fits well with John Leland's statement in his Itinerary two centuries later that " a man cannot wish to see a towne better ".

Again, Saltram seemd to be a poisoned chalice as the Parliamentarian Hatsell was stripped of the house upon the Restoration later the same year and the house passed on to Sir George Carteret in lieu of a loan he had given to the King during the Civil War.

If a proper identification cannot be made in lieu of a ticket, some police departments send out a notice of violation to the owner of the vehicle, requesting identifying information so that a ticket may later be issued.

Commodore BASIC versions 4. 0 and later provide a pseudo-variable referred to as that may be used to retrieve drive status in lieu of the above code.

After the latter's death, Hugh the Abbot was count, but named a viscount in his lieu ; later Auxerre was absorbed in Richard of Burgundy's dominion.

On April 15, 2011, Google announced via email that after April 29 they would no longer allow playback of content hosted on their service, but reversed the decision one week later in lieu of greater support for migration to YouTube.

In lieu of a traditional dissertation, she submitted the essays later collected in her highly acclaimed work Massacre of the Dreamers.

The Ducks had pursued Schneider in lieu of Norris Trophy-winner and team captain Scott Niedermayer's expected retirement ( although Niedermayer returned to the Ducks later in the season ).

In later years, New Hampshire authorities minimized the impact of mass civil disobedience at the Seabrook plant by treating activist trespass as a violation, and allowing community service in lieu of fine.

These arms were later adopted in 1269 in lieu of his own paternal arms by Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk ( 1245-1266 ) on his inheritance of the office of Marshal of England from the Marshal family

If a player's own piece is removed, they are kept and may be placed on the board later in lieu of moving a stack.

Cash or some other consideration may be exchanged in lieu of the player to be named later.

He returned to England in December 1650, and in lieu of his confiscated estate received a pension of £ 500 and later of £ 800, together with lands in County Mayo.

Yehudi Menuhin, on the other hand, suggested that this might have been the result of his reliance on the guitar ( in lieu of the piano ) as an aid in composition.

News reports suggested she would receive a payout of more than A $ 2 million in lieu of the remaining 2½ years of her contract.

In a looser but still valid sense, and in general discourse, the word is frequently used in lieu of the ideologically tainted term Volksdeutsche, denoting persons living abroad without German citizenship but defining themselves as Germans ( culturally or ethnically speaking ).

" The use of the term " Ruhr " for the industrial region started in Britain only after World War I, when French and Belgian troops had occupied the Ruhr district and seized its prime industrial assets in lieu of unpaid reparations in 1923.

He also described that in the first decades of usage, the term ethnicity had often been used in lieu of older terms such as " cultural " or " tribal " when referring to smaller groups with shared cultural systems and shared heritage, but that " ethnicity " had the added value of being able to describe the commonalities between systems of group identity in both tribal and modern societies.

The International Committee of the Red Cross ’ s Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 similarly elaborates that “ other forms of non-participation in a conflict have been added to neutrality as defined by treaty and customary law ,” and that “ it would have sufficed to use the expression ‘ not engaged in the conflict ’ or ‘ not Party to the conflict ’” in lieu of using the term ‘ neutral .’ The Commentary explicitly states that the term ‘ neutral ’ “ should be interpreted as covering non-participation in conflicts in general, as well as neutrality in the proper sense of the word .” Therefore, all non-belligerence is a form of neutrality, which means that neutrality includes the entire range of states not formally participating in international armed conflict such as de facto belligerents, non-participants who do not claim neutrality, temporary declared neutrals, and even long-standing neutrals.

The word serviette in lieu of the term napkin is not typically used in American English, though, as discussed is not uncommon in Canadian English and Canadian French.

In nursing homes and assisted living facilities, the term resident is generally used in lieu of patient, but it is not uncommon for staff members at such a facility to use the term patient in reference to residents.

The same custom is often followed in fiction: the Constitution-class cruiser is the basis for the Enterprise of Star Trek ( although in Star Trek the term pathfinder is also occasionally used in lieu of lead ship ) and the Imperial-class Star Destroyer appears in Star Wars.

" The alternative term used in lieu of " joyak ( 조약 條約 )" implies the treaty was coerced to Koreans by Japanese.

One feature of Cape Breton dialect is common use of the term " boy ", but is given the spelling " b ' y " and pronounced " bye " as in ' good-bye ', to address a person to whom one is speaking in lieu of use of the person's name or a more common term such as " sir ", " ma ' am ", " man ", " my son " or " mate ", originally when the addressee is male but now is used to refer to both genders.

There seems no doubt that purlieu or purley represents the Anglo-French pourallé lieu ( old French pouraler, puraler, to go through Latin perambulare ), a legal term meaning properly a perambulation to determine the boundaries of a manor, parish, or similar region.

The term is commonly used in Japan for individual time trial events for motor vehicles that involves a vehicle running around the circuit in lieu of a qualifying lap and the term is widely adopted outside the country for tuner event and media.

The term " Delta Yokuts " has recently been introduced in lieu of the longer " Far Northern Valley Yokuts " for the language spoken by the people in the present Stockton and Modesto vicinities of San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties, California, prior to their removal to Mission San Jose between 1810 and 1827.

The contrast between Western and Eastern religions largely pertains to the distinction between monotheism and polytheism, respectively, and the term Abrahamic religion is often used in lieu of using the East and West terminology.

While the term is generally applied to people of European ancestry as a means of differentiation or categorization, some feel the term is derogatory, especially when aimed pointedly toward half-caste Samoans or ethnic Samoans who were born and raised in western, metropolitan societies ; " fia palagi " and " fie palangi " are commonly applied to ethnic Samoans and Tongans, respectively, who are viewed as favoring the " white man's " lifestyle or culture in lieu of traditional Polynesian modes of speech, dress, housing, interpersonal relations, etc.