Modern methods include the use of lossless data compression for incremental parsing, prediction suffix tree and string searching by factor oracle algorithm ( basically a factor oracle is a finite state automaton constructed in linear time and space in an incremental fashion ).

In both lossy and lossless compression, information redundancy is reduced, using methods such as coding, pattern recognition and linear prediction to reduce the amount of information used to represent the uncompressed data.

Codecs like FLAC, Shorten and TTA use linear prediction to estimate the spectrum of the signal.

Linear prediction is a mathematical operation where future values of a discrete-time signal are estimated as a linear function of previous samples.

In digital signal processing, linear prediction is often called linear predictive coding ( LPC ) and can thus be viewed as a subset of filter theory.

In system analysis ( a subfield of mathematics ), linear prediction can be viewed as a part of mathematical modelling or optimization.

These equations are valid for all types of ( one-dimensional ) linear prediction.

* Code-excited linear prediction ( CELP ), 2400 and 4800 bit / s, Federal Standard 1016, used in STU-III

* Mixed-excitation linear prediction ( MELP ), MIL STD 3005, 2400 bit / s, used in the Future Narrowband Digital Terminal FNBDT, NSA's 21st century secure telephone.

* Algebraic code-excited linear prediction ( ACELP 4. 7 kbit / s – 24 kbit / s )

* Mixed-excitation linear prediction ( MELPe 2400, 1200 and 600 bit / s )

Since the late 1970s, most non-musical vocoders have been implemented using linear prediction, whereby the target signal's spectral envelope ( formant ) is estimated by an all-pole IIR filter.

LP filtering also has disadvantages in that signals with a large number of constituent frequencies may exceed the number of frequencies that can be represented by the linear prediction filter.

Apart from vocoders, several other methods of producing variations on this effect include: the Sonovox, Talk box, and Auto-Tune, linear prediction vocoders, speech synthesis, ring modulation and comb filter.

Transmission of the filter coefficients directly ( see linear prediction for definition of coefficients ) is undesirable, since they are very sensitive to errors.

This is because the above expression is the best linear unbiased prediction of Y given a value of X.

** Animal breeding – branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation ( using best linear unbiased prediction and other methods ) of the genetic value ( estimated breeding value, EBV ) of domestic livestock.

FLAC uses linear prediction to convert the audio samples to a series of small, uncorrelated numbers ( known as the residual ), which are stored efficiently using Golomb-Rice coding.

* Best linear unbiased prediction ( BLUP )

This is analogous to the F-test used in linear regression analysis to assess the significance of prediction.

It also has the practical effect of converting the probability ( which is bounded to be between 0 and 1 ) to a variable that ranges over — thereby matching the potential range of the linear prediction function on the right side of the equation.

The technique is closely related to linear prediction.

LTAC will not be developed any further since it has been superseded by its successor Lossless Predictive Audio Compression ( LPAC ), which is based on linear prediction.

Other types of lossy compressors, such as the linear predictive coding ( LPC ) used with speech, are source-based coders.

LPC may also be thought of as a basic perceptual coding technique ; reconstruction of an audio signal using a linear predictor shapes the coder's quantization noise into the spectrum of the target signal, partially masking it.

A linear search through up to 4096 addresses would make the coding slow.

* LPC-10, FIPS Pub 137, 2400 bit / s, which uses linear predictive coding

Linear predictive coding ( LPC ) is a tool used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model.

Paul Lansky made the well-known computer music piece notjustmoreidlechatter using linear predictive coding.

Following that came More Than Idle Chatter, the six compositions of which focus on processings of the human voice using linear predictive coding, granular synthesis, and plucked string synthesis ; its three highlights are granular synth pieces called " Idle Chatter ," " Just_more_idle_chatter ," and " Notjustmoreidlechatter ," which look at the same thing from multiple perspectives.

Adaptive predictive coding ( APC ) is a narrowband analog-to-digital conversion that uses a one-level or multilevel sampling system in which the value of the signal at each sampling instant is predicted according to a linear function of the past values of the quantized signals.

APC is related to linear predictive coding ( LPC ) in that both use adaptive predictors.

At runtime, the target prosody of a sentence is superimposed on these minimal units by means of digital signal processing techniques such as linear predictive coding, PSOLA or MBROLA.

* Warped linear predictive coding, a tool used in audio signal processing

Finite fields are used in a variety of applications, including in classical coding theory in linear block codes such as BCH codes and Reed – Solomon error correction and in cryptography algorithms such as the Rijndael encryption algorithm.

Such mathematical areas as calculus, probability theory, statistics, linear algebra, abstract algebra, graph theory, combinatorics, algebraic geometry, topology, dynamical systems, differential equations and coding theory are now being applied in biology.

This is not only an example of terse array programming from the coding point of view but also from the computational efficiency perspective, which in several array programming languages benefits from quite efficient linear algebra libraries such as ATLAS or LAPACK.

Speech data is stored through pitch-excited linear predictive coding ( PE-LPC ), where words are created by a lattice filter, selectably fed by either an excitation ROM ( containing a glottal pulse waveform ) or an LFSR ( linear feedback shift register ) noise generator.

Algebraic code-excited linear prediction ( ACELP ) is a patented speech coding algorithm by VoiceAge Corporation in which a limited set of pulses is distributed as excitation to linear prediction filter.

It is officially described as Coding of speech at 8 kbit / s using code-excited linear prediction speech coding ( CS-ACELP ).

The linear prediction is calculated backwards with a 50th order linear predictive coding filter.