Yet the huge amount of money consumed by the Selden litigation, which many regarded as wasteful, indirectly contributed to constructive changes in legal procedure.

The prevailing view in the industry was summed up in 1912 by a group of auto makers who told a Senate committee: `` The exceedingly unsatisfactory and uselessly expensive conditions, including delays surrounding legal disputes, particularly in patent litigation, are items of industrial burden which must be written large in figures of many millions of dollars of industrial waste ''.

The famous Latin Responsa Prudentium (" answers of the learned ones ") were the accumulated views of many successive generations of Roman lawyers, a body of legal opinion which gradually became authoritative.

Words primarily used in Austria are Jänner ( January ) rather than Januar, heuer ( this year ) rather than dieses Jahr, Stiege ( stairs ) instead of Treppe, Rauchfang ( chimney ) instead of Schornstein, many administrative, legal and political terms – and a whole series of foods and vegetables such as: Erdäpfel ( potatoes ) German Kartoffeln ( but Dutch Aardappel ), Schlagobers ( whipped cream ) German Schlagsahne, Faschiertes ( ground beef ) German Hackfleisch, Fisolen ( green beans ) German Gartenbohne ( but Czech fazole and Italian fagioli ), Karfiol ( cauliflower ) German Blumenkohl ( but Italian cavolfiore ), Kohlsprossen ( Brussels sprouts ) German Rosenkohl, Marillen ( apricots ) German Aprikosen but Slovak marhuľa, Paradeiser ( tomatoes ) German Tomaten, Palatschinken ( pancakes ) German Pfannkuchen ( but Czech palačinky ), Topfen ( a semi-sweet cottage cheese ) German Quark and Kren ( horseradish ) German Meerrettich ( but Czech křen ).

Although it had at first been somewhat established in many colonies, in 1861 it was ruled that, except where specifically established, the Church of England had just the same legal position as any other church.

BZNS came to power in 1919 and introduces many economic, social, and legal reforms.

He published many legal works, and some annotations on Tacitus and accumulated a sylloge of Roman inscriptions from Milan and its territories, as part of his preparation for his history of Milan, written in 1504-05.

In many countries, including much of the United States, bow hunting for large and small game is legal.

and has contributed to many scholarly and legal publications in the areas of international commercial law, bankruptcy, and civil rights.

In 1999 they brought a legal challenge to this patent which had granted a private US citizen " ownership " of the knowledge of a plant that is well-known and sacred to many indigenous peoples of the Amazon, and used by them in religious and healing ceremonies.

Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their jurisdiction ; others are professional organizations dedicated to serving their members ; in many cases, they are both

In many legal systems, the director has a right to receive special notice of any resolution to remove him or her ; the company must often supply a copy of the proposal to the director, who is usually entitled to be heard by the meeting.

For example, many commercial contracts are more economically efficient, and create greater wealth, because the parties know ahead of time that the proposed arrangement, though perhaps close to the line, is almost certainly legal.

The common law constitutes the basis of the legal systems of: England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Ireland, federal law in the United States and the law of individual U. S. states ( except Louisiana ), federal law throughout Canada and the law of the individual provinces and territories ( except Quebec ), Australia ( both federal and individual states ), Kenya, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Pakistan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, The Bahamas, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Granadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, and many other generally English-speaking countries or Commonwealth countries ( except Scotland, which is bijuridicial, and Malta ).

Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.

Black unrest and British pressure to abolish slavery motivated many Creoles to advocate Cuba's annexation by the United States, where slavery was still legal.

A banknote ( more commonly known as a bill in the United States and Canada ) is a type of currency, and commonly used as legal tender in many jurisdictions.

Although the system established by the Sitges agreement was phased out by 1974, the 1886 Colombian constitution — in effect until 1991 — required that the losing political party be given adequate and equitable participation in the government which, according to many observers and later analysis, eventually resulted in some increase in corruption and legal relaxation.

" These sentences are interpreted by many Buddhists ( especially in the West ) as an injunction against supporting any legal measure which might lead to the death penalty.

Claudius personally judged many of the legal cases tried during his reign.

In many Christian countries, it led to civil and political discrimination against Jews, legal disabilities, and in some instances to physical attacks on Jews which occasionally ended in emigration, expulsion, and even death.

Nonetheless, Wilson believed that, in all cases, corporations “ should be erected with caution, and inspected with care .” The actions of corporations were clearly circumscribed: “ To every corporation a name must be assigned ; and by that name alone it can perform legal acts .” For non-binding external actions or transactions, corporations enjoyed the same latitude as private individuals ; but it was with an eye to internal affairs that many saw principal advantage in incorporation.

When there are many different groups within a nation, citizenship may be the only real bond which unites everybody as equals without discrimination — it is a " broad bond " linking " a person with the state " and gives people a universal identity as a legal member of a specific nation.

It has also tried to protect Canadian culture by setting legal minimums on Canadian content in many media using bodies like the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ).< ref >

In many other jurisdictions it is for the defense lawyer to mitigate on his client's behalf, and the defendant himself will rarely have the opportunity to speak.

In some ways they represent a stronger opposition because they have the backing of many member provinces of the Anglican Communion and, in some cases, are or have been missionary jurisdictions of such provinces of the Communion as the Churches of Nigeria, Kenya, Rwanda, and the Southern Cone of America.

In many jurisdictions, mandatory certification or assurance of the work is required.

By 2009 with natural gas prices at a long-term low, Alberta's economy was in poor health compared to before, although still relatively better than many other comparable jurisdictions.

In an adversarial system, there is no more controversy and the case proceeds to sentencing ; though in many jurisdictions the defendant must have allocution of her or his crime, a false confession will not be accepted even in common law courts.

In many jurisdictions the approaches of each system are often formal differences in the way cases are reviewed.

There is no regulation or statute legislated upon bankruptcy which denotes a condition of inability to meet a demand of a creditor as is common in many other jurisdictions.

However, in many jurisdictions the members of the company are permitted to ratify transactions which would otherwise fall foul of this principle.

Anheuser-Busch uses what is in many jurisdictions a legally-protected mark-of-origin indicating Czech provenance and humorous advertising campaigns to promote Budweiser, such as the " Real Men of Genius " radio and television commercials for Bud Light.

Significant elements of English common law prior to 1776 still remain in effect in many jurisdictions in the United States, because they have never been rejected by American courts or legislatures.

In many jurisdictions, copyright law makes exceptions to these restrictions when the work is copied for the purpose of commentary or other related uses ( See fair use, fair dealing ).

In many jurisdictions there are regulations for each type.

There are many professional bodies for accountants and auditors throughout the world ; some of them are legally recognized in their jurisdictions.

There are, however, many specific categories of corporations and other business organizations which may be formed in various countries and jurisdictions throughout the world.

While some jurisdictions regard crossbows same as firearms, many others do not even require any sort of license to own a crossbow even for people, such as felons, who may not legally possess a firearm.

However, many jurisdictions encourage or require CERT members to obtain CPR training.

Levels of accreditation vary: some of the institutions receive little outside oversight, and some may be fraudulent diploma mills, although in many jurisdictions, an institution may not use terms such as " university " without accreditation and authorisation, often overseen by the national government – for example, the Quality Assurance Agency in the UK.

The electorate does not generally include the entire population ; for example, many countries prohibit those judged mentally incompetent from voting, and all jurisdictions require a minimum age for voting.

In many jurisdictions, conciliar resolutions that have been passed require episcopal assent and / or consent to take force.

" In many jurisdictions, there is also a third, clerical House.

In many jurisdictions in the United States, the family courts see the most crowded dockets.

Carrying commercial cargo on a boat with a yacht ensign is deemed to be smuggling in many jurisdictions.

Revolvers, especially in. 22LR and 38 Special / 357 Magnum, are also common concealed weapons in jurisdictions allowing this practice because their simple mechanics make them smaller than many autoloaders while remaining reliable.