In medieval Europe, the slow crushing of body parts in screw-operated " bone vises " of iron was a common method of torture, and a tremendous variety of cruel instruments were used to savagely crush the head, the knee, the hand, and, most commonly, either the thumb or the naked foot.

In medieval Europe, the slow crushing of body parts in screw-operated " bone vises " of iron was a common method of torture, and a tremendous variety of cruel instruments were used to savagely crush the head, the knee, the hand, and, most commonly, either the thumb or the naked foot.

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