In modern contexts, all definitions of Central Asia include these five republics of the former Soviet Union: Kazakhstan ( pop.

Use of the conjunct forms of Vava and Yayya is increasingly scarce in modern contexts.

* Haithabu is the modern German spelling used when referring to the historical settlement, it is also often used in this way in anglophone academic contexts.

More broadly the term is used in a wide number of contexts for an image, picture, or representation ; it is a sign or likeness that stands for an object by signifying or representing it either concretely or by analogy, as in semiotics ; by extension, icon is also used, particularly in modern culture, in the general sense of symbol — i. e. a name, face, picture, edifice or even a person readily recognized as having some well-known significance or embodying certain qualities: one thing, an image or depiction, that represents something else of greater significance through literal or figurative meaning, usually associated with religious, cultural, political, or economic standing.

In modern contexts, the term is sometimes used synonymously with " Kashubian " and may also include extinct Slovincian.

Although in modern British usage counties are referred to as " shires " mainly in poetic contexts, terms such as Shire Hall remain common.

Like most modern programming languages and unlike earlier Lisps such as Maclisp or Emacs Lisp, Scheme is lexically scoped: all possible variable bindings in a program unit can be analyzed by reading the text of the program unit without consideration of the contexts in which it may be called.

Caissa has been since been characterised as the " goddess " of chess, her name being used in several contexts in modern chess playing.

The focus of modern numismatics lies frequently in the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of the coins they study.

The term is not particularly current in modern contexts because the region does not exactly correspond to the sovereign states of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, for which an alternative term, Benelux, was employed after the Second World War, though only to describe them as a trading union.

Understanding a site in modern archaeology is a process of grouping single contexts together in ever larger groups by virtue of their relationships.

The term is also used by English-speakers to refer to similar oaths of allegiance in other feudal cultures, as with medieval Japan, as well as in modern political contexts.

The modern study of galvanic effects in biology is called electrophysiology, the term galvanism being used only in historical contexts.

In some contexts, modern practices of body modification and plastic surgery overlap with mortification.

Christopher I. Beckwith makes the extraordinary claim that the name " barbarian " should only be used for Greek historical contexts, and is inapplicable for all other " peoples to whom it has been applied either historically or in modern times.

Although the published studies are not entirely up to modern standards, they remain the most important source for the find contexts of portrait mummies.

In other contexts, " classical theory " will have other meanings — if a current accepted theory is considered to be " modern ", and its introduction represented a major paradigm shift, then previous theory ( or new theories based on the older paradigm ) will often be referred to as " classical ".

The more modern view is that " chemical potential " should mean the same thing as " electrochemical potential ", – but that in some contexts there is a separate concept – called here the " internal chemical potential " – that is the energy left when the " purely electrostatic component of electrochemical potential " is subtracted out.

Chinese martial arts are collectively given the name Kung Fu (( gong ) " achievement " or " merit ", and ( fu ) " man ", thus " human achievement ") or ( previously and in some modern contexts ) Wushu (" martial arts " or " military arts ").

It also differs from the Hebrew spelling Yeshu ( ישו ) which is found in Ben Yehuda's dictionary and used in most secular contexts in modern Hebrew to refer to Jesus of Nazareth, though the Hebrew spelling Yeshua ( ישוע ) is generally used in translations of the New Testament into Hebrew and used by Hebrew speaking Christians in Israel.

While the use of the terms " Kansai " and " Kinki " have changed over history, in most modern contexts the two can be considered the same.

" Political liberties being to a degree dependent on basic rights of political privacy and expression of views without retribution, this could be applied to modern contexts to argue strongly against such measures as Total Information Awareness.

But in modern transcultural contexts, where the terminologies used to describe people are more clearly seen, the issue of the terminology is perhaps more important than the term itself.

Unlike modern websites and online services that are typically hosted by third-party companies in commercial data centers, BBS computers ( especially for smaller boards ) were typically operated from the SysOp's home.

The league average for on-base percentage has varied considerably over time ; in the modern era it is around. 340, whereas it was typically only. 300 in the dead-ball era.

In byte-oriented systems ( i. e. most modern computers ), the term uncompressed BCD usually implies a full byte for each digit ( often including a sign ), whereas packed BCD typically encodes two decimal digits within a single byte by taking advantage of the fact that four bits are enough to represent the range 0 to 9.

There are many different bronze alloys but modern bronze is typically 88 % copper and 12 % tin.

Until modern times, precious metals such as gold or silver typically were used to retain the commodity nature of the store of value function of money.

The history of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is typically divided into three broad time periods: ( 1 ) the early history during the lifetime of Joseph Smith, Jr. which is in common with all Latter Day Saint movement churches, ( 2 ) a " pioneer era " under the leadership of Brigham Young and his 19th century successors, and ( 3 ) a modern era beginning around the turn of the 20th century as Utah achieved statehood.

The history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) is typically divided into three broad time periods: ( 1 ) the early history during the lifetime of Joseph Smith, Jr. which is in common with all Latter Day Saint movement churches, ( 2 ) a " pioneer era " under the leadership of Brigham Young and his 19th Century successors, and ( 3 ) a modern era beginning around the turn of the 20th century as the practice of polygamy was discontinued.

In modern computer systems, files are typically accessed using names ( filenames ).

While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works.

However, modern x86 processors also ( typically ) decode and split instructions into dynamic sequences of internally buffered micro-operations, which not only helps execute a larger subset of instructions in a pipelined ( overlapping ) fashion, but also facilitates more advanced extraction of parallelism out of the code stream, for even higher performance.

The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display ( TFT-LCD ) thin panel, while older monitors use a cathode ray tube ( CRT ) about as deep as the screen size.

DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-in networking support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to provide these functions.

In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland the modern children's folklore of Santa Claus typically includes green-clad elves with pointy ears, long noses, and pointy hats as Santa's helpers or hired workers.

The human species developed a much larger brain than that of other primates – typically 1, 330 cc in modern humans, over twice the size of that of a chimpanzee or gorilla.

Meals often ended with an issue de table, which later changed into the modern dessert, and typically consisted of dragées ( in the Middle Ages, meaning spiced lumps of hardened sugar or honey ), aged cheese and spiced wine, such as hypocras.

In older firearms, the propellant was typically black powder, but modern firearms use smokeless powder or other propellants.

To reduce the likelihood of accidental ignition by static electricity, the granules of modern black powder are typically coated with graphite, which prevents the build-up of electrostatic charge.

A modern mask typically is constructed of an elastic polymer in various sizes.

Historically, the Indo-European languages had eight morphological cases, though modern languages typically have fewer, using prepositions and word order to convey information that had previously been conveyed using distinct noun forms.

In modern movies, the hero is often simply an ordinary person in extraordinary circumstances, who, despite the odds being stacked against him or her, typically prevails in the end.

In modern baseball, the feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence between the foul poles ( or making contact with either foul pole ) without first touching the ground, resulting in an automatic home run.

Nonetheless, modern theories typically do not consider the to-infinitive to be a distinct constituent, instead taking the particle to for operating on an entire verb phrase ; so, to buy a car is parsed as < nowiki > to

In some modern jazz styles, dominant 7th chords in a tune may contain altered 9ths ( either flattened by a semitone, which is called a " flat 9th ", or sharpened by a semitone, which is called a " sharp 9th "); 11ths ( sharpened by a semitone, which is called a " sharp 11th "); 13ths ( typically flattened by a semitone, which is called a " flat 13th ").

Marx is typically cited, with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science.