While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.

In more modern English usage, the term " adobe " has come to include a style of architecture popular in the desert climates of North America, especially in New Mexico.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.

Though the word atom originally denoted a particle that cannot be cut into smaller particles, in modern scientific usage the atom is composed of various subatomic particles.

In modern English, " Americans " generally refers to residents of the United States, and among native speakers of English this usage is almost universal, with any other use of the term requiring specification of the subject under discussion.

In modern usage, the term is sometimes used improperly as a catch-all classification of " other world religions " alongside major organized religions.

Contrary to modern usage, the term did not have the extended connotation of overweening pride, self-confidence or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution.

The meaning was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws.

In modern ground forces ' usage, the meaning of armour has expanded to include the role of troops in combat.

From this widening usage has come the more modern sense of the word.

In modern and ancient usage, even within secular terminology, Christ usually refers to Jesus, building on the centuries old tradition of such use.

To facilitate this improvement, IBM utilized the concept of a microprogram ( often called " microcode "), which still sees widespread usage in modern CPUs.

* System: privatization began in 1988 ; advanced telecommunications infrastructure ; modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities ; fixed-line connections have dropped in recent years as mobile-cellular usage continues to increase, reaching a level of 85 telephones per 100 persons

In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term " climate change " often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming.

This institution, with its name, was later emulated by other powers and is reflected in the modern usage of the word ( see Consul ( representative )).

The word " strategy " had only recently come into usage in modern Europe, and Clausewitz's definition is quite narrow: " the use of engagements for the object of war.

The modern usage of the term carbine covers much the same scope as it always had, namely lighter weapons ( generally rifles ) with barrels less than 457. 2 mm ( 18 inches ).

The modern usage of terms for mail armour is highly contested in popular and, to a lesser degree, academic culture.

In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen out of common usage, replaced by " guns " or " artillery " if not a more specific term such as " mortar " or " howitzer ".

While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works.

Criticisms of mainstream psychology consistent with current critical psychology usage have existed since psychology's modern development in the late 19th century.

In more modern usage, the length of a diameter is also called the diameter.

Chinese numerals have symbols for 1 – 9, and additional symbols for powers of 10, which in modern usage reach 10 < sup > 44 </ sup >.

While the dative case is no longer a part of modern English usage, it survives in a few set expressions.

In modern usage, the term " dictator " is generally used to describe a leader who holds and / or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power, especially the power to make laws without effective restraint by a legislative assembly.

However, most Uyghur linguists and historians regard the word as coming from uyughur ( uyushmaq in modern Uyghur language ), literally meaning ' united ' or ' people who tend to come together '.

This fluid definition of Uyghur and the diverse ancestry of modern Uyghurs are a source of confusion about what constitutes true Uyghur ethnography and ethnogenesis.

Uyghur activists identify with the Tarim mummies, but research into the genetics of ancient Tarim mummies and their links with modern Uyghurs remain controversial, both to Chinese government officials concerned with ethnic separatism, and to Uyghur activists concerned that research could affect their claims of being indigenous to the region.

There, " Uyghur " was chosen by them as the name of their own ethnic group, although the delegates noted that the modern groups referred to a " Uyghur " were distinct from the old Uyghur Khaganate.

According to Dru Gladney, the modern Uyghur nationality is not directly descended from the old Uyghur Khaganate, in spite of the name.

After the Communist victory, the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong continued the Soviet classification, using the term Uyghur to describe the modern ethnic group.

Scholars like Joana Breidenbach say that the Yugur's culture, language, and religion are closer to the original culture of the original Uyghur Karakorum state than is the culture of the modern Uyghur people of Xinjiang.

Uyghur history can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial ( 300 BC – AD 630 ), Imperial ( AD 630 – 840 ), Idiqut ( AD 840 – 1200 ), and Mongol ( AD 1209 – 1600 ), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present.

As a result the majority of tribal groups formerly under Uyghur control migrated to what is now northwestern China, especially to the modern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous region.

Perhaps the most famous and best loved pieces of modern Uyghur literature are Abdurehim Otkur's Iz, Oyghanghan Zimin, Zordun Sabir's Anayurt and Ziya Samedi's ( former minister of culture in Sinkiang Government in 50's ) novels Mayimkhan and Mystery of the years.

Modern Uyghur medical hospitals adopted modern medical science and medicine and adopted evidence-based pharmaceutical technology to traditional medicines.

Uzbek and modern Uyghur are the two modern languages most closely related to Chagatai, and Uzbeks regard Chagatai as the origin of their own language and claim Chagatai literature as their own.

Scholars like Pál Nyíri and Joana Breidenbach say that the Yugur's culture, language, and religion, is closer to the original culture of the original Uyghur Confederation at Karakorum, than the culture of the modern Uyghur people of Xinjiang.

He has been called the " Wang Luobin of the 21st century " and has performed modern rock adaptations of several of Wang Luobin's Western China-inspired folk songs, such as " Awariguli " ( a Xinjiang Uyghur folk love song ), " Flowers and Youth " ( pinyin: Hua ' er Yu Shaonian, a Hui Muslim song ), and " At a Faraway Place " ( pinyin: Zai Na Yaoyuan De Difang ", a song from western China's Qinghai ).

For example, the word " Amerika " in German has a one-to-one equivalence to its meaning in modern English: it may denote North America, South America, or both, and in some instances refers to the United States only.

Although Muslim scholars have often debated over who this verse refers to, most classical commentators and modern translators have taken the opinion that this refers to Amram, the father of Moses and Aaron.

The modern and advanced meaning refers to the geometry of analytic varieties.

In the modern game, a blackjack refers to any hand of an ace plus a ten or face card, regardless of suits or colours.

There it refers to liberal conservatives supporting modern European welfare states.

Therefore, it is clear there is no real consensus of what the term crannog actually implies, although the modern adoption in the English language broadly refers to a partially or completely artificial islet which saw use from the prehistoric to the Post-Medieval period in Ireland and Scotland.

The name Eocene comes from the Greek ( eos, dawn ) and ( kainos, new ) and refers to the " dawn " of modern (' new ') mammalian fauna that appeared during the epoch.

Human evolution refers to the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans.

In modern usage, the term acid rock, although sometimes used as a synonym, refers to a high-silica-content ( greater than 63 % SiO < sub > 2 </ sub > by weight ) volcanic rock, such as rhyolite.

For modern scholars " the date of Homer " refers not to an individual, but to the period when the epics were created.

Hesiod's handling of the dactylic hexameter was not as masterful or fluent as Homer's and one modern scholar refers to his " hobnailed hexameters ".

* Pope John Paul II's Angelus Message, August 11, 1996 ( The same in Italian ) This is a brief modern reflection by a Pope that refers directly to Hesychasm, indicating that its defense was in conflict with certain aspects of Roman Catholic teaching

However, in official usage in the Republic of Ireland, the term often refers to the 29 modern counties.

On the other hand, al-Ghazali ( 1058 – 1111 ) ( and in modern times, Abu Muhammad Asem al-Maqdisi ) argued that Qiyas refers to analogical reasoning in a real sense and categorical syllogism in a metaphorical sense.

In current usage, the word monarchy generally refers to a traditional system of hereditary rule, as elective monarchies are rare in the modern period ( though they do still exist in Vatican City, Andorra and Malaysia ).

In modern English, the word refers to an unspecified large quantity.

Among the earliest evidence of the game are fragments of a pottery board and several rock cuts found in Aksumite Ethiopia in Matara ( now in Eritrea ) and Yeha ( in Ethiopia ), which are dated by archaeologists to between the 6th and 7th century AD ; the game may have been mentioned by Giyorgis of Segla in his 14th century Ge ' ez text " Mysteries of Heaven and Earth ," where he refers to a game called qarqis, a term used in Ge ' ez to refer to both Gebet ' a ( Mancala ) and Sant ' araz ( modern sent ' erazh, Ethiopian Chess ).

The Arabic word found as ḥuzn and ḥazan in the Qur ' an and hüzün in modern Turkish refers to the pain and sorrow over a loss, death of relatives in the case of the Qur ' an.

Contemporary Paganism, Modern Paganism, or Neopaganism, refers to a variety of modern religious movements, particularly those influenced by or claiming to be derived from the various historical pagan beliefs of pre-modern Europe.

The name Oligocene comes from the Greek ( oligos, few ) and ( kainos, new ), and refers to the sparsity of additional modern mammalian species of fauna after a burst of evolution during the Eocene.