In air, where oxygen is more concentrated, some small species can rely solely on cutaneous gas exchange, most famously the plethodontid salamanders, which have neither lungs nor gills.

In many species of frog and in most lungless salamanders ( Plethodontidae ), direct development takes place, the larvae growing within the eggs and emerging as miniature adults.

Like most salamanders, they have short legs with four toes on the front legs and five on their back appendages, and their tails are keeled to propel them through water.

Unlike most salamanders, the hellbender performs external fertilization.

The most primitive salamanders – those grouped together as the Cryptobranchoidea – instead exhibit external fertilisation.

The forebrain is well developed and subdivided in most tetrapods, while the midbrain dominate in many fish and some salamanders.

Diagonal sequence walks and runs ( aka trots ) are most frequently used by sprawling tetrapods such as salamanders and lizards, due to the lateral oscillations of their bodies during movement.

One Georgia newspaper referred to Union forces as walking " forty miles over the most barren land of the South, frightening the salamanders and the gophers, and getting a terrible thrashing …"

* Operculum ( small bone in the skull, linked to shoulder girdle by the opercularis muscle ; perhaps involved in hearing and balance ; absent in caecilians and some salamanders, fused to the stapes ( ear bones ) in most anurans )

Most molecular studies of extant amphibians support monophyly for caecilians, frogs, and salamanders, and the most recent molecular study based on multi-locus data suggest a Late Carboniferous-Early Permian origin of modern amphibians.

Given that salamanders are not prone to taking orders, this didn't work out, and most were slain by Belial's servants and vassals.

Although a similar pattern was present in primitive tetrapods, the palatine bone is reduced in most living amphibians, forming, in frogs and salamanders, only a narrow bar between the vomer and maxilla.

They are stout, like most mole salamanders, and have a wide snout.

Spotted salamanders are fossorial, meaning that they spend most of their time underground.

While most salamanders are silent, the Pacific giant salamander is one of several salamanders that have vocal abilities.

In contrast to most other salamanders, they have external gills bunched together on the neck in both larval and adult states.

To distinguish between a larval mudpuppy and other larval salamanders, note that larval mudpuppies have distinct longitudinal banding and four toes on their hind legs, the combination of which is not found in most larval salamanders within the same range.

As this animal stays neotenic throughout its long life span, it is only occasionally exposed to normal adult hearing in air which is probably also possible for Proteus as in most salamanders.

The Caudata (" urodeles "; salamanders and newts ), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures.

Adult mammals have limited regenerative capacity compared to most vertebrate embryos / larvae, adult salamanders and fish.

Fourteen of the sculptures you took possess properties of a most curious and terrifying nature, as you will observe when your limbs begin to wither and your hair falls out in patches.

Though equipped with limbs and the ability to breathe air, most still had a long tapering body and strong tail.

Aldini's most famous public demonstrations of the electro-stimulation technique of deceased limbs was performed on the executed criminal George Forster at Newgate in London in 1803.

They have large chewing mandibles, three thoracic limbs, and, in most cases, a number of abdominal prolegs.

In women, it is most prevalent in the upper limbs after breast cancer surgery and lymph node dissection, occurring in the arm on the side of the body in which the surgery is performed.

Their hind limbs, on the other hand, were not built for speed, but they were long compared with most pterosaurs, and allowed for a long stride length.

Instead, he uses these free limbs to either grab one of the ring ropes ( the bottom one is the most common, as it is nearest the wrestlers ) or drape his foot across, or underneath one.

The fastest means by which most species can move is a kind of " belly run ", where the body moves in a snake-like fashion, limbs splayed out to either side paddling away frantically while the tail whips to and fro.

The more notably distinct trait, which most echinoderms have, is their remarkable powers of regeneration of tissue, organs, limbs, and of asexual reproduction, and in some cases, complete regeneration from a single limb.

Opossums have 50 teeth, the most out of any North American mammal, and opposable, clawless thumbs on their rear limbs.

* Waldo-The most capable physical manipulator, with several limbs for grasping and holding objects.

* Cutting nerves on the limbs most affected by movements and spasms.

It worsens in dry winter weather, and limbs and trunk are most often affected.

Pinniped limbs, or flippers, are proportionally shorter than those of most other mammals.

The fully grown kept most of the anatomical adaptations from their juvenile stage, giving them modified limbs and other traits associated with a terrestrial lifestyle.

Chinese dragons are occasionally depicted with bat-like wings growing out of the front limbs, but most do not have wings, as their ability to fly ( and control rain / water, etc.

The most commonly reported sensations experienced in connection with the OBE were falling, floating, repercussions e. g. myoclonia ( the jerking of limbs, jerking awake ), sinking, torpidity ( numbness ), intracranial sounds, tingling, clairvoyance, oscillation and serenity.

The most recognizable and most common form of dwarfism is achondroplasia, which accounts for 70 % of dwarfism cases and produces rhizomelic short limbs, increased spinal curvature, and distortion of skull growth.

In the limbs of most animals, the terms cranial and caudal are used in the regions proximal to the carpus ( the wrist, in the forelimb ) and the tarsus ( the ankle in the hindlimb ).

Number One Company's deployment to PB4 Babaji was heralded as the Battalion's most difficult excursion since Palestine in 1948, playing a major role in Operation Moshtarak in February 2010 in addition to suffering five dead and multiple casualties, including several lost limbs.

Along with his analysis of pheasant phylogeny and his studies of life in the Galápagos islands, Beebe regarded one of his most important contributions to the field of evolutionary biology to be his hypothesis that the ancestors of birds passed through what he referred to as a “ Tetrapteryx stage ”, with wings on both their front and hind limbs.

It most commonly affects the legs, but can affect the arms, torso, and even phantom limbs.

Snakes, some lizards, and most amphisbaenians have evolved the complete loss of their limbs.