Some jurisdictions have specialized appellate courts, such as the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which only hears appeals raised in criminal cases, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has general jurisdiction but derives most of its caseload from patent cases, on the other hand, and appeals from the Court of Federal Claims on the other.

The term " allocution " is generally only in use in jurisdictions in the United States, though there are vaguely similar processes in other common law countries.

In many other jurisdictions it is for the defense lawyer to mitigate on his client's behalf, and the defendant himself will rarely have the opportunity to speak.

The acceptance of an affidavit by one society does not confirm its acceptance as a legal document in other jurisdictions.

Assault in some US jurisdictions is defined more broadly still as any intentional physical contact with another person without their consent ; but in the majority of the United States, and in England and Wales and all other common law jurisdictions in the world, this is defined instead as battery.

By 2009 with natural gas prices at a long-term low, Alberta's economy was in poor health compared to before, although still relatively better than many other comparable jurisdictions.

There is no regulation or statute legislated upon bankruptcy which denotes a condition of inability to meet a demand of a creditor as is common in many other jurisdictions.

On the other hand, some other jurisdictions have sufficiently developed bodies of law so that parties have no real motivation to choose the law of a foreign jurisdiction ( for example, England and Wales, and the state of California ), but not yet so fully developed that parties with no relationship to the jurisdiction choose that law.

Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, India, Belize, and various Caribbean and African nations have adopted English common law through reception statutes although they do not inevitably continue to copy English Common Law ; later cases can often draw on decisions in other Common Law jurisdictions.

The degree to which these external factors should influence adjudication is the subject of active debate, but that judges do draw of learning from other fields and jurisdictions is a fact of modern legal life.

In many jurisdictions, copyright law makes exceptions to these restrictions when the work is copied for the purpose of commentary or other related uses ( See fair use, fair dealing ).

Public Accountants are the accountancy and control experts that are legally certified in different jurisdictions to work in public practices, certifying accounts as statutory auditors, eventually selling advice and services to other individuals and businesses.

There are, however, many specific categories of corporations and other business organizations which may be formed in various countries and jurisdictions throughout the world.

In law, corroboration refers to the requirement in some jurisdictions, such as in Scotland, that any evidence adduced be backed up by at least one other source ( see Corroboration in Scots law ).

In some other jurisdictions, a person may simply start using a new name without any formal legal process.

Similar results have been found in other jurisdictions.

These Churches do not practice Communion with any other Orthodox jurisdictions nor do they tend to recognize each other.

A similar principle, fair dealing, exists in some other common law jurisdictions.

Civil law jurisdictions have other limitations and exceptions to copyright.

Currently, only the United States retains grand juries, although some other common law jurisdictions formerly employed them, and most other jurisdictions employ some other type of preliminary hearing.

As Lipton puts it: `` The Eros is felt in the magic circle of marijuana with far greater force, as a unifying principle in human relationships, than at any other time except, perhaps, in the mutual metaphysical orgasms.

In other words, like automation machines designed to work in tandem, they shared the same programming, a mutual understanding not only of English words, but of the four stresses, pitches, and junctures that can change their meaning from black to white.

The first step toward the goal is the establishment of a new atmosphere of mutual good will and friendly communication on other than the polemical level.

The constitution also set out rules in such matters as marriage, divorce and inheritance, guidelines for mutual cooperation and support among Ismā ' īlīs, and their interface with other communities.

Differences between the two include pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary ( lexis ), spelling, punctuation, idioms, formatting of dates and numbers, although the differences in written and most spoken grammar structure tend to be much less than those of other aspects of the language in terms of mutual intelligibility.

On the one hand, Reagan stated that SDI was " consistent with ... the ABM Treaty ", but on the other hand, he viewed it as a defensive system that would help reduce the possibility that mutual assured destruction ( MAD ) would become reality ; he even suggested that the Soviets would be given access to the SDI technology.

A Bootstrapping Server Function ( BSF ) is an intermediary element in cellular networks which provides application independent functions for mutual authentication of user equipment and servers unknown to each other and for ' bootstrapping ' the exchange of secret session keys afterwards.

Five of these societies became joint stock banks ( Plc ), one merged with another and the other four were taken over by Plc ’ s ( in two cases after the mutual had previously converted to a Plc ).

The last, in Europe, cavalry vs. cavalry mutual charge took place in Poland during the battle of Krasnobrod when the Polish and German cavalry units charged each other.

The main distinction of the egalitarian view is that decisions about managing family responsibilities are made by mutual submission and cooperation, not on the basis of tradition ( e. g., " man's work " or " woman's " work ), nor any other irrelevant or irrational basis.

In addition to each having varied views on the other as a religion, there has also been a long and often painful history of conflict, persecution and at times, reconciliation, between the two religions, which have influenced their mutual views of their relationship over time.

In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance tongues, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other: In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship.

The Fascists assisted the anti-socialist campaign by allying with the other parties and the conservative right in a mutual effort to destroy the Italian Socialist Party and labour organizations committed to class identity above national identity.

Because of this necessity to have relations with other rational beings in order to achieve consciousness, Fichte writes that there must be a ' relation of right ,' in which there is a mutual recognition of rationality by both parties.

On the other hand, Ogilvie agrees, guilds created " social capital " of shared norms, common information, mutual sanctions, and collective political action.

Eventually the two rivals become friends and develop a heterosexual mutual admiration for each other.

President Flores consulted frequently with the other Central American presidents on issues of mutual interest.

Because of this they are not opposed in principle to collectively held property if individual owners of the property consent to collective ownership by contract or other voluntary mutual agreement.

Initially, Luther and Calvin had mutual respect for each other.

Yet despite their mutual insistence on the self-evidence that " all men are created equal ", their insistence that the citizens of a republic be educated at public expense, and the evident parallel between the concepts of the " general welfare " and Rousseau's " general will ", some scholars maintain there is little to suggest that Rousseau had that much effect on Thomas Jefferson and other founding fathers.

While in Rome during the winter of 1820-21, Severn wrote numerous letters about Keats to their mutual friends in England, in particular William Haslam and Charles Armitage Brown, who then shared them with other members of the Keats circle, including the poet's fiancée, Fanny Brawne.

Since independence was granted in 1963 relations have been usually amicable, both being part of the Commonwealth of Nations, a successor to the empire which aims to promote mutual co-operation, democracy and other cultural values and ties with each member state.

The proposal included American recognition of Manchukuo, the merging of Chiang's government with the Japan-backed Reorganized National Government of China, withdrawal of Japanese troops from China and mutual respect for its independence, and even an agreement that Japanese immigration to the United States shall proceed " on the basis of equality with other nationals and free from discrimination ".