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particular and quantization
Technically speaking, a compression artifact is a particular class of data error that is usually the consequence of quantization in lossy data compression.
Assuming that an information source produces random variables with an associated probability density function, the probability that the random variable falls within a particular quantization interval is given by
The previous remark only applies to some formulations of quantum field theory, in particular, canonical quantization in the interaction picture.
Cinepak is based on vector quantization, which is a significantly different algorithm from the discrete cosine transform ( DCT ) algorithm used by most current codecs ( in particular the MPEG family, as well as JPEG ).
So these variable became what we know as Ashtekar variables, a particular flavor of Einstein-Cartan theory with a complex connection. General relativity theory expressed in this way, made possible to pursue quantization of it using well-known techniques from quantum gauge field theory.
In physics, mathematical quantization applies abstract mathematical formulations to describe the process of quantizing classical Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, and in particular, quantizing line bundles that are defined on symplectic manifolds.
Redshift quantization is the hypothesis that the redshifts of cosmologically distant objects ( in particular galaxies ) tend to cluster around multiples of some particular value.
This particular star product is also sometimes called Weyl-Groenewold product, as it was introduced by H. J. Groenewold in 1946, in a trenchant appreciation of Weyl quantization — Moyal actually appears to not know about it in his celebrated paper, and in his legendary correspondence with Dirac, as adduced in his biography.

particular and namely
While the particular limits of these groupings may seem artificially arbitrary, they do fairly express a corresponding grouping of more variable material, and they eventuate also in five classes, along a similar scale, containing approximately equal numbers of cases, namely 19, 14, 15, 11, 12 in Athabascan.
Of particular note is the endemic type of humid subtropical laurel forest of macaronesian laurisilva, found on several of the Macaronesian islands of the North Atlantic and Macaronesian African mainland enclaves, namely Madeira Islands, the Azores, Cape Verde Islands and the Canary Islands, a relict of the Pliocene subtropical forests, supporting numerous endemic species.
Were we to move from the observation that there is thinking occurring to the attribution of this thinking to a particular agent, we would simply assume what we set out to prove, namely, that there exists a particular person endowed with the capacity for thought.
Besides the advantages offered by such a plan, in setting immediately before the eyes of the student the final results of the investigation in a more concrete form, and thereby rendering easier his insight into the nature of particular Indo-European languages, there is, I think, another of no less importance gained by it, namely that it shows the baselessness of the assumption that the non-Indian Indo-European languages were derived from Old-Indian ( Sanskrit ).
Although these agencies are ' global ' in the sense of their activities, they each retain significant associations with particular nations, namely France ( AFP ), the United States ( AP ) and the United Kingdom ( Reuters ).
In modern Italian there are three words corresponding to the English word ' soup ': zuppa, which is used in the sense of tomato soup, or fish soup ; minestra, which is used in the sense of a more substantial soup such as a vegetable soup, and also for ' dry ' soups, namely pasta dishes ; and minestrone, which means a very substantial or large soup or stew, though the meaning has now come to be associated with this particular dish.
Nigálya may originate from the Nepali word न ि ङ ा ल ो niṅālo or nĩgālo meaning a particular kind of small bamboo, namely Arundinaria intermedia, but also refers to a kind of small leopard, or cat-bear.
Some religious groups argue that secular humanism — and, by association, secularism — have a religion-like legal status despite the separation of church and state, that secularism in government and in the schools constitutes state favoritism towards a particular religion ( namely, the denial of theism ), and a double standard is used in granting protections to these groups.
In metaphysics, a universal is what particular things have in common, namely characteristics or qualities.
In particular, Egan found himself " gobsmacked by the level of scientific illiteracy " in the magazine's coverage of Roger Shawyer's " electromagnetic drive ", where New Scientist allowed the publication of " meaningless double-talk " designed to bypass a fatal objection to Shawyer's proposed space drive, namely that it violates the law of conservation of momentum.
Throughout this entire period both Assyria and Babylonia continued to exist as geo political entities and named regions, and Assyria in particular became a center of a distinctly Mesopotamian Christianity, namely the ancient Eastern Syrian Rite Christianity which was spread all over the near east and as far away as central Asia, India, Mongolia and China by travelling monks and still exists as the religion of the Assyrians to this day in the form of the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church and Ancient Church of the East.
These differing facies are associated with a particular style of magmatic activity, namely crater, diatreme and hypabyssal rocks ( Clement and Skinner 1985, and Clement, 1982 ).
It was an end to three years of fighting by the Crusaders, but they had finally done what they had set out to do in 1096 — namely, to recapture the Holy Land and, in particular, the city of Jerusalem and its holy sites, such as the Holy Sepulchre, the tomb of Jesus Christ.
Of particular interest is the fact that the Schechter Letter account of Oleg's death ( namely, that he fled to and raided FRS, tentatively identified with Persia, and was slain there ) bears remarkable parallels to the account of Arab historians such as Ibn Miskawayh, who described a similar Rus ' attack on the Muslim state of Arran in the year 944 / 5.
Thus, we can interpret Boltzmann's constant as being simply the expression ( in terms of more standard physical units ) of the abstract logarithmic unit that is needed to convert the dimensionless pure-number quantity ln W ( which uses an arbitrary choice of base, namely e ) to the more fundamental pure logarithmic quantity Log ( W ), which implies no particular choice of base, and thus no particular choice of physical unit for measuring entropy.
The death of Ibn Rushd ( Averroës ) effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School, and philosophical activity declined significantly in western Islamic countries, namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa, though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries, in particular Iran and India.
The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School, and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries, namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa, though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries, in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism, Illuminationist philosophy, Mystical philosophy, and Transcendent theosophy.
If another stuffed owl is introduced ( or the same one removed and re-introduced ), the birds react to it again as though it were a predator, demonstrating that it is only a very specific stimulus that is habituated to ( namely, one particular unmoving owl in one place ).
It is not difficult to see that the problem before us involves the fundamental problem of a rational logic or theory of knowledge ; namely, how are we able to ascend from particular truths to more general truths.
Burgon assailed Westcott & Hort in a memorable 1881 article in the Quarterly Review, and collected his Quarterly Review articles and pamphlets into books, such as " The Revision Revised ", in which he denounced Westcott and Hort for elevating " one particular manuscript ,—( namely the Vatican Codex ( B ), which, for some unexplained reason, it is just now the fashion to regard with superstitious deference ".

particular and construction
A typical application is furnished by the Arzelà – Ascoli theorem and in particular the Peano existence theorem, in which one is able to conclude the existence of a function with some required properties as a limiting case of some more elementary construction.
The word flagellate describe a particular construction of eukaryotic organism and its means of motion.
Of particular concern is settlement which occurs over time, as immediate settlement can usually be compensated for during construction.
The cost of food irradiation is influenced by dose requirements, the food's tolerance of radiation, handling conditions, i. e., packaging and stacking requirements, construction costs, financing arrangements, and other variables particular to the situation.
Another construction simulates NTMs with 3-tape DTMs, of which the first tape always holds the original input string, the second is used to simulate a particular computation of the NTM, and the third encodes a path in the NTM's computation tree.
In particular, he sponsored Bernini's construction of the beautiful colonnade in the piazza of St. Peter's Basilica.
To simplify this problem, computer scientists have adopted Big O notation, which allows functions to be compared in a way that ensures that particular aspects of a machine's construction do not need to be considered, but rather only the asymptotic behavior as problems become large.
Again, one needs to check that this construction does not depend on the particular chart φ chosen, and in fact it does not.
Because the US Congress was divided between slave and non-slave state members, it could not reach agreement on supporting construction of a particular route.
* Bullhead rail, a particular cross-section of rail used in railway track construction
* Framing ( social sciences ) or Framing effect ( psychology ), terminology used in communication theory, sociology, and other disciplines where it relates to the construction and presentation of a fact or issue " framed " from a particular perspective
Van Leeuwenhoek maintained throughout his life that there are aspects of microscope construction " which I only keep for myself ", in particular his most critical secret of how he created lenses.
* The forests, whose timber was very appreciated by the Greek cities to build their ships: in particular, it is known that Athens made commercial treaties with Macedon in the 5th century BC to import the timber necessary for the construction and the maintenance of its fleet of war.
Viewed in this light, this construction ( add transforms for each object, restrict maps to commute with these ) is completely general, and does not depend on any particular properties of vector spaces.
Antonov, or Antonov Aeronautical Scientific / Technical Complex ( Antonov ASTC ) (), formerly the Antonov Design Bureau, is a Ukrainian aircraft manufacturing and services company with particular expertise in the field of very large aircraft construction.
Cultural traits particular to the Aztecs of Tenochtitlan was the veneration of the Mexica patron God Huitzilopochtli, the construction of twin pyramids, and the ceramic ware known as Aztec I to III.
) In particular, there is a construction ensuring that the resulting normal form grammar is of size at most O ( n < sup > 4 </ sup >), where n is the size of the original grammar.
Due to its effects on the way of life of the rural residents of the Angara valley, dam construction has been criticized by a number of Soviet intellectuals, in particular the Irkutsk writer Valentin Rasputin both in his novel Farewell to Matyora and in his non-fiction book, Siberia, Siberia.
In particular, Gulf undertook the construction of deep water terminals at Bantry Bay in Ireland and Okinawa in Japan capable of handling Ultra Large Crude Carrier ( ULCC ) vessels serving the European and Asian markets respectively.
An ABI should not be confused with an application programming interface ( API ) which defines a library of routines to call, data structures to manipulate, and / or object classes to use in the construction of an application using that particular ( often language specific ) API.
In Australia in particular, due to risk mitigation and limitation factors, the employment of surveyors at all levels of the construction industry is widespread.
In particular, cost overruns associated with the construction of the Pepsi Center had shareholders up in arms.
In particular, cost overruns associated with the construction of the Pepsi Center had shareholders up in arms.
Within the sector, the production is of particular importance, followed by the construction, the services and the alimentary sector.

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