In Continental philosophy ( particularly phenomenology and existentialism ), there is much greater tolerance of ambiguity, as it is generally seen as an integral part of the human condition.

Starting in the 1960s, literary scholars, reacting against this, began to use analytical tools from critical social theory-initially semiotic, linguistic, and interpretive theory, then structuralism, Lacanian psychoanalysis, post-structuralism, and deconstruction as well as Continental philosophy, especially phenomenology and hermeneutics, and various other forms of neo-Marxian theory.

Max Scheler met Husserl in Halle in 1901 and found in his phenomenology a methodological breakthrough for his own philosophy.

Beginning as a critique of Continental philosophy, it was heavily influenced by phenomenology, structuralism and existentialism, including writings of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Martin Heidegger.

Recognizing that the extension of processing power into everyday scenarios would necessitate understandings of social, cultural and psychological phenomena beyond its proper ambit, Weiser was influenced by many fields outside computer science, including " philosophy, phenomenology, anthropology, psychology, post-Modernism, sociology of science and feminist criticism.

The phenomenology movement in philosophy saw a radical change in the way in which we understand thought.

There is disagreement over the degree of influence that Husserl had on Heidegger's philosophical development, just as there is disagreement about the degree to which Heidegger's philosophy is grounded in phenomenology.

Heidegger's reputation within English-language philosophy has slightly improved in philosophical terms in some part through the efforts of Hubert Dreyfus, Richard Rorty, and a recent generation of analytically oriented phenomenology scholars.

While there, she translated Thomas Aquinas ' De Veritate ( On Truth ) into German and familiarized herself with Roman Catholic philosophy in general and tried to bridge the phenomenology of her former teacher Husserl to Thomism.

Husserl believed that phenomenology could thus provide a firm basis for all human knowledge, including scientific knowledge, and could establish philosophy as a " rigorous science ".

Stephen Hicks writes that to understand phenomenology, one must identify its roots in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant ( 1724 – 1804 ).

Husserl establishes a separate field for research in logic, philosophy, and phenomenology, independently from the empirical sciences.

While Husserl thought of philosophy as a scientific discipline that had to be founded on a phenomenology understood as epistemology, Heidegger held a radically different view.

Instead of taking phenomenology as prima philosophia or a foundational discipline, Heidegger took it as a metaphysical ontology: " being is the proper and sole theme of philosophy ... this means that philosophy is not a science of beings but of being .".

Some researchers in phenomenology ( in particular in reference to Heidegger's legacy ) see possibilities of establishing dialogues with traditions of thought outside of the so-called Western philosophy, particularly with respect to East-Asian thinking, and despite perceived differences between " Eastern " and " Western ".

There are also recent signs of the reception of phenomenology ( and Heidegger's thought in particular ) within scholarly circles focused on studying the impetus of metaphysics in the history of ideas in Islam and Early Islamic philosophy ; perhaps under the indirect influence of the tradition of the French Orientalist and philosopher Henri Corbin.

In addition, the work of Jim Ruddy in the field of comparative philosophy, combined the concept of Transcendental Ego in Husserl's phenomenology with the concept of the primacy of self-consciousness in the work of Sankaracharya.

Hegel, phenomenology is an approach to philosophy that begins with an exploration of phenomena ( what presents itself to us in conscious experience ) as a means to finally grasp the absolute, logical, ontological and metaphysical Spirit that is behind phenomena.

Although the term " phenomenology " was used occasionally in the history of philosophy before Husserl, modern use ties it more explicitly to his particular method.

He worked on phenomenology, social science methodology and the philosophy of Edmund Husserl, William James and others.

Recent attempts to incorporate Western philosophy into Eastern thought include the Kyoto School of philosophers, who combined the phenomenology of Husserl with the insights of Zen Buddhism.

According to him, one of the major achievements of modern philosophy is phenomenology because it disproved the kinds of dualism that set the existent up as having a " hidden " nature ( such as Kant's noumenon ); Phenomenology has removed " the illusion of worlds behind the scene.

Yogācāra ( Sanskrit ; literally: " yoga practice "; " one whose practice is yoga ") is an influential school of Buddhist philosophy and psychology emphasizing phenomenology and ( some argue ) ontology through the interior lens of meditative and yogic practices.

Everything from poetry to phonetics, history to histrionics, philosophy to party games has been adapted to the turntable.

It is his relentlessness and unwaivering adherence to this revolutionary artistic philosophy that has enabled him to paint such pictures as `` The Invasion of Cuba ''.

The philosophy has been that if they could find the time to attend class why not encourage them to get the credit and perhaps provide an incentive to do the work more effectively.

The notion of philosophy as Queen Bee may fit well with authoritarian modes of political ideology, but it has been noted that the price of such an imperial notion of philosophy is the frustration and flagellation of the social sciences.

In this situation, philosophy has survived by separating itself from metaphysics, by showing the ultimate questions to be the meaningless questions.

When dealing with the actual relation of philosophy to the sociology of knowledge, or better the role of philosophy in assisting research on the social sources of ideas, one has to become necessarily selective.

The objection will be raised that the most important role of philosophy in relation to social science has been omitted, namely the status of ultimate value questions and norms operative in the social sciences.

The idea has received much attention in philosophy, in literature, and in a few works of general social criticism, such as The Sane Society.

Indicating the way in which he has turned his back on his 1910 philosophy, Mr. Reama said: `` A Socialist is a person who believes in dividing everything he does not own ''.

East Meadow has philosophy, psychology, and religion ; ;

Mr. Nixon, he believes, has no particular political philosophy and mismanaged his own campaign.

The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been said to have taken nearly all of his political philosophy from Aristotle.

Anthropology in France has a less clear genealogy than the British and American traditions, in part because many French writers influential in anthropology have been trained or held faculty positions in sociology, philosophy, or other fields rather than in anthropology.

Although the Indian and Greek concepts of the atom were based purely on philosophy, modern science has retained the name coined by Democritus.

In his book The Science Delusion ( 2012 ) he wrote that the philosophy of the organism ( organicism ) has updated the ideas of animism as it treats all of nature as alive.

Chinese astrology has a close relation with Chinese philosophy ( theory of the three harmonies: heaven, earth and man ) and uses concepts such as yin and yang, the Five phases, the 10 Celestial stems, the 12 Earthly Branches, and shichen ( 時辰 a form of timekeeping used for religious purposes ).

The philosophy of aesthetics as a practice has been criticized by some sociologists and writers of art and society.

As an explicitly spiritual movement, anthroposophy has sometimes been called a religious philosophy.

In all, Steinsaltz has authored some 60 books and hundreds of articles on subjects including Talmud, Jewish mysticism, Jewish philosophy, sociology, historical biography, and philosophy.

So broad a notion has inevitably been elusive and controversial in the history of philosophy, beginning in western philosophy with attempts among the pre-Socratics to deploy it intelligibly.

The nature of " being " has also been debated and explored in Islamic philosophy, notably by Ibn Sina, Suhrawardi, and Mulla Sadra.