The use of this concept does not specify the origin of the radiation, and only if the planet really radiates as a black body, will the apparent black-body temperature correspond to the physical temperature of the emitting material.

Academic historical research supports that the alchemists were searching for a material substance using physical methods.

Animism encompasses the beliefs that there is no separation between the spiritual and physical ( or material ) world, and souls or spirits exist, not only in humans, but also in all other animals, plants, rocks, geographic features such as mountains or rivers, or other entities of the natural environment.

In order for the conservator to apply their professional expertise accordingly, they must take into account the views of the stakeholder, the values and meaning of the object, and the physical needs of the material, in order to decide upon an appropriate conservation strategy.

The spiritual archetype originally created by spiritual beings was devoid of physical substance ; only later did this descend into material existence on Earth.

Determination of the exact resolution of the instrument is of limited use, as the resolution of the device is set by the physical properties of the material under analysis.

Some of Bede's material came from oral traditions, including a description of the physical appearance of Paulinus of York, who had died nearly 90 years before Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica was written.

Although for instance the EU ( as well as many other developed countries ) has a balanced monetary balance of trade, its physical trade balance ( especially with developing countries ) is negative, meaning that a lot less material is exported than imported.

The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.

Fundamental physical laws such as the conservation of mass, the conservation of momentum, and the conservation of energy may be applied to such models to derive differential equations describing the behavior of such objects, and some information about the particular material studied is added through a constitutive relation.

In the Lagrangian description the position and physical properties of the particles are described in terms of the material or referential coordinates and time.

An observer standing in the referential frame of reference observes the changes in the position and physical properties as the material body moves in space as time progresses.

The earliest Buddhist texts explain that the four primary material elements are the sensory qualities solidity, fluidity, temperature, and mobility ; their characterization as earth, water, fire, and air, respectively, is declared an abstraction — instead of concentrating on the fact of material existence, one observes how a physical thing is sensed, felt, perceived.

Due to the sheer physical difficulties inherent in cartography, map-makers frequently lifted material from earlier works without giving credit to the original cartographer.

It rejects the notion that Jesus or any other object or living being could be ' God ', that God could have a literal ' son ' in physical form or is divisible in any way, or that God could be made to be joined to the material world in such fashion.

Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities, most of which originate from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms.

The rate of decomposition is governed by three sets of factors — the physical environment ( temperature, moisture and soil properties ), the quantity and quality of the dead material available to decomposers, and the nature of the microbial community itself.

The study of the physical material of the Earth dates back at least to ancient Greece when Theophrastus ( 372-287 BCE ) wrote the work Peri Lithon ( On Stones ).

If the physical material that will be used in production is derived from bones, dilute acid solutions are used to remove calcium and similar salts.

They also cause much chemical and physical change in the target by transferring their energy and momentum to the electrons and atomic nuclei of the target material.

It thus introduced the first glimpse at Marx's historical materialism, an argument that the world is changed not by ideas but by actual, physical, material activity and practice.

During this process, chemical and physical reactions occur which cause the material to be permanently altered.

It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.

Labor can also be classified as the physical and mental contribution of an employee to the production of the good ( s ).

Moseley's outstanding contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number.

Though Gibbs's research on physical optics is less well known today than his other work, it made a significant contribution to classical electromagnetism by applying Maxwell's equations to the theory of optical processes such as birefringence, dispersion, and optical activity.

This requires physical theory for thermal conduction and convection and the heat contribution of radioactive elements.

Garrett Hardin in a famous article called tragedy of the commons argued that any instance in which society appeals to an individual exploiting a commons to restrain himself or herself for the general good-by means of his or her conscience-merely sets up a system which, by selectively diverting societal power and physical resources to those lacking in conscience, while fostering guilt ( including anxiety about his or her individual contribution to over-population ) in people acting upon it, actually works toward the elimination of conscience from the race.

The group's contribution, Drive: Nike + Original Run — the first in the series — was initially released digitally, in June 2006, with the physical release following a year later.

In the case of computer programs and according to the case law of the Boards of Appeal, a technical contribution typically means a further technical effect that goes beyond the normal physical interaction between the program and the computer.

As written, they were bare quantities that did not take into account the contribution of virtual-particle loop effects to the physical constants themselves.

In his 1984 review of the show, Miami Herald sports writer, Bob Rubin praised Giannoulas ' contribution to the series writing, " The Chicken may be the most gifted physical comic since Curly, Larry and Moe.

The symmetrical way in which Tom and Arthur supply each other's deficiencies shows that Hughes believed in the importance of physical development, boldness, fighting spirit, and sociability ( Tom's contribution ) as well as Christian morality and idealism ( Arthur's ).

Milonni writes: " The basic idea here will be that the Casimir force may be derived from the source fields alone even in completely conventional QED, ..." Milonni provides detailed argument that the measurable physical effects usually attributed to the vacuum electromagnetic field cannot be explained by that field alone, but require in addition a contribution from the self-energy of the electrons, or their radiation reaction.

At the beginning of the War, he felt the need to incorporate his artistic contribution to the war effort with more physical sacrifices.

**( e ) the maintenance and, where appropriate, the enhancement of the contribution of the natural, historic, and physical resources of the Hauraki Gulf, its islands, and catchments to the social and economic well-being of the people and communities of the Hauraki Gulf and New Zealand:

Tchoukball is an indoor team sport developed in the 1970s by Swiss biologist Hermann Brandt, who believed that " The objective of all physical activities is not to make champions, but make a contribution to building a harmonious society ".

Beketov's biggest merit was his contribution into physical chemistry as an independent science.

Working Group I's contribution to the TAR assesses the physical scientific aspects of the climate system and climate change.

# eliminate our contribution to the progressive physical degradation and destruction of nature and natural processes ; and

< li > everyone is believed to have the capacity to grow and to mature into adulthood, and to make a contribution to society, regardless of the physical or intellectual limitations with which they may be living ; and </ li >

For this reason, the process's working set ( the portion of its address space that can be referenced without incurring a page fault ) may be larger than its contribution to total commit charge, and the total commit charge is not inclusive of the total memory ( physical or virtual ) actually in use.

The remaining Segre types have no particular physical interpretation and most of them cannot correspond to any known type of contribution to the stress-energy tensor.

They argue that it cannot cause inflation and is of particular importance as more of the physical contribution to production is automated.

Although it may be impossible to dig the hole without some human labor, the binary theory of productiveness maintains the contribution of that physical labour can be calculated simply by calculating the productivity increase resulting from adding capital, and in this case valued at only 25 % of the total cost of production.

" It is, if anything an underestimation rather than an exaggeration to say that the aggregate physical contribution to the production of the wealth of the workers in the United States today accounts for less than 10 percent of the wealth produced, and that the contribution by the owners of capital instruments, through their physical instruments, accounts in physical terms for more than 90 percent of the wealth produced "