For example, there are persons who are in physical science, in the field of mineralogy, trained in crystallography, who use only X-rays, applying only the powder technique of X-ray diffraction, to clay minerals only, and who have spent the last fifteen years concentrating on the montmorillonites ; ;

The first three of these prizes are awarded for eminence in physical science, in chemistry and in medical science or physiology ; the fourth is for literary work " in an ideal direction " and the fifth prize is to be given to the person or society that renders the greatest service to the cause of international fraternity, in the suppression or reduction of standing armies, or in the establishment or furtherance of peace congresses.

Chemists can use isotope analysis to assist analysts with issues in anthropology, archeology, food chemistry, forensics, geology, and a host of other questions of physical science.

Albertus's knowledge of physical science was considerable and for the age remarkably accurate.

One of the significant parts in aeronautics is a branch of physical science called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.

In these final pieces he offered a critique of Western science in which he suggested that non-European languages often referred to physical phenomena in ways that more directly reflected aspects of reality than many European languages, and that science ought to pay attention to the effects of linguistic categorization in its efforts to describe the physical world.

Whorf argued that paying attention to how other physical phenomena are described in the study of linguistics could make valuable contributions to science by pointing out the ways in which certain assumptions about reality are implicit in the structure of language itself, and how language guides the attention of speakers towards certain phenomena in the world which risk becoming overemphasized while leaving other phenomena at risk of being overlooked.

Chemistry is a branch of physical science but distinct from physics.

Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those laws.

Since the dawn of Newtonian science with its vision of simple mechanical principles governing the entire universe, some philosophers have been tempted by the idea that consciousness could be explained in purely physical terms.

Caltech was ranked first in the 2011 – 2012 Times Higher Education worldwide rankings of universities as well as ranking first in physical science and engineering.

The promise of Throop attracted physical chemist Arthur Amos Noyes from MIT to develop the institution and assist in establishing it as a center for science and technology.

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with physical science ( e. g., chemistry and physics ), and life sciences ( e. g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry ) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.

*** A physical science – one that studies non-living systems.

Painter and Jeffrey argue that geography as a discipline was not and is not an objective science, rather it is based on assumptions about the physical world.

Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes.

Hubbard described Dianetics as " an organized science of thought built on definite axioms: statements of natural laws on the order of those of the physical sciences ".

In physics and all science, dimensional analysis is a tool to find or check relations among physical quantities by using their dimensions.

was conferred upon Brewster by Marischal College, Aberdeen ; in 1815 he was made a member of the Royal Society of London, and received the Copley medal ; in 1818 he received the Rumford Medal of the society ; and in 1816 the French Institute awarded him one-half of the prize of three thousand francs for the two most important discoveries in physical science made in Europe during the two preceding years.

Husserl declares that mental and spiritual reality possess their own reality independent of any physical basis, and that a science of the mind (' Geisteswissenschaft ') must be established on as scientific a foundation as the natural sciences have managed:

Aristotle asserted that man had three natures: vegetable ( physical / metabolism ), animal ( emotional / appetite ) and rational ( mental / conceptual ).

Around 330 BC, Aristotle maintained on the basis of physical theory and observational evidence that the Earth was spherical.

In particular they pointed out a number of doubts about the physical reasons of the radial gravity, and hesitated in accepting the physical reasons proposed by Aristotle or Stoicism.

Aristotle (, Aristotélēs ) ( 384 BCE – 322 BCE ), a student of Plato, promoted the concept that observation of physical phenomena could ultimately lead to the discovery of the natural laws governing them.

Aristotle was concerned about the physical nature of the system ; without unrollers, the outer motions would be transferred to the inner planets.

For Aristotle these physical elements were the centre of the universe and appropriately Cleopatra heralds her coming death when she proclaims, “ I am fire and air ; my other elements / I give to baser life ,” ( 5. 2. 289-90 ).

Aristotle even calls the parts of a geometrical shape ( that is, of a pure geometrical shape, considered apart from any physical object < i > having that shape ) " intelligible matter ".

The wide variety of skills needed to compete meant that pentathletes were held in high esteem as physical specimens: in Rhetoric, Aristotle remarked " a body capable of enduring all efforts, either of the racecourse or of bodily strength ... This is why the athletes in the pentathlon are most beautiful ".

In his Metaphysics, Aristotle developed a physical cosmology of spheres, based on the mathematical models of Eudoxus.

Descartes, then, can be seen as agreeing with the early modern mechanists, and disagreeing with Aristotle, on the nature of the physical world.

The Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that climate played the most crucial factor in determining differences in physical characteristics, most notably the mixture of heat and cold.

For instance, the physical concepts of matter and rays correspond, according to him, to the metaphysical concepts of the thing and of movement ; but whereas classical philosophy considered both as distinct, and the thing as ontologically real, modern science can not distinguish matter from rays: it is thus impossible to examine an immobile thing, which was precisely the conditions of knowledge according to classical theory of knowledge ( Becoming being impossible to be known, in accordance with Aristotle and Plato's theories of knowledge ).

These included a number of medieval theological teachings, but most importantly the physical treatises of Aristotle.

Aristotle favored a physical approach and adopted the word ' astrologia '.

The ancient Greek Aristotle ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) wrote in his Meteorology of how the earth had the potential for physical change, including the belief that all rivers and seas at one time did not exist where they were, and were dry.

The biological and physical properties of infectious particles have been studied intensively during the past fifteen years.

) On the other hand, even when the binomial model does not describe well the physical phenomenon being studied, the binomial model may still be used as a baseline for comparative purposes ; ;

Fundamental physical laws such as the conservation of mass, the conservation of momentum, and the conservation of energy may be applied to such models to derive differential equations describing the behavior of such objects, and some information about the particular material studied is added through a constitutive relation.

As physical objects have wave-like properties ( at the atomic level ), diffraction also occurs with matter and can be studied according to the principles of quantum mechanics.

English scholar Russell Martineau, who had studied under Bopp, gave the following tribute: “ Bopp must, more or less, directly or indirectly, be the teacher of all who at the present day study, not this language or that language, but language itself — study it either as a universal function of man, subjected, like his other mental or physical functions, to law and order, or else as an historical development, worked out by a never ceasing course of education from one form into another .”

Individual differences in factors such as personality, intelligence, memory, or physical factors such as body size, sex, age, and other factors can be studied and used in understanding this large source of variance.

In physical geography pedology is largely studied due to the numerous interactions between climate ( water, air, temperature ), soil life ( micro-organisms, plants, animals ), the mineral materials within soils ( biogeochemical cycles ) and its position and effects on the landscape such as laterization.

Ales Hrdlicka ( 1869 – 1943 ), a physician, studied physical anthropology in France under Leonce Manouvrier before working at the Smithsonian Institution from 1902.

In 1883, he visited England for the first time, and studied the program of physical education instituted by Thomas Arnold at the Rugby School.

In 2010, the Times also ranked Stanford in engineering and technology, in life sciences, 5th in physical sciences, in arts & humanities, in social sciences, and in clinical, pre-clinical and health sciences ; no other university places in the top 5 across all broad disciplines studied.

Initially six committees were established: on Thought-Transference, Mesmerism and similar phenomena, Mediumship, Reichenbach Phenomena ( Odic Force ), Apparitions and Haunted Houses, physical phenomena associated with séances, and the Literary Committee which studied the history of these phenomena.

Besides physical and weapons training, boys studied reading, writing, music and dancing.

Before her marriage, Majer studied physical education at Temple University and later became the first woman to head the Physical Education Department at the University of Pennsylvania.

* Agrophysics – branch of science bordering on agronomy and physics, whose objects of study are the agroecosystem-the biological objects, biotope and biocoenosis affected by human activity, studied and described using the methods of physical sciences.

* Agrophysics – branch of science bordering on agronomy and physics, whose objects of study are the agroecosystem-the biological objects, biotope and biocoenosis affected by human activity, studied and described using the methods of physical sciences.

Impact specialists have studied the claim and concluded that there never was such an impact, in particular because various physical signs of such an impact cannot be found.

Like Montesquieu, Ibn Khaldun studied " the physical environment in which man lives in order to understand how it influences him in his non-physical characteristics.

Weathering is the chemical and physical disruption of earth materials in place on exposure to atmospheric or near surface agents, and is typically studied by soil scientists and environmental chemists, but is an essential component of geomorphology because it is what provides the material that can be moved in the first place.

Though he was initially unsure if he wanted to go to university, Fox's mother convinced him to enrol at Simon Fraser University, where he studied kinesiology as a stepping stone to becoming a physical education teacher.

Although in previous decades the writers and philosophers had discussed the glories of ancient Rome, it seems that until Brunelleschi and Donatello made their journey, no-one had studied the physical fabric of these ruins in any great detail.

" Safety and evaluation of the physical and psychological effects of the long-term or repetitive uses of the pain-inducing non-lethal weapons on humans have not been well understood or studied in any great details.

He and William Ramsay isolated radon and studied its physical properties ( density, weight ).

The work of Broca and Wernicke established the field of aphasiology and the idea that language can be studied through examining physical characteristics of the brain.

Modern physical cosmology as it is currently studied first emerged as a scientific discipline in the period after the Shapley – Curtis debate and discoveries by Edwin Hubble of a cosmic distance ladder when astronomers and physicists had to come to terms with a universe that was of a much larger scale than the previously assumed galactic size.