The two main types of dualism are substance dualism ( which holds that the mind is formed of a distinct type of substance not governed by the laws of physics ) and property dualism ( which holds that the laws of physics are universally valid but cannot be used to explain the mind ).

Property dualism asserts that an ontological distinction lies in the differences between properties of mind and matter, and that consciousness is ontologically irreducible to neurobiology and physics.

This argument says that, if predicate dualism is correct, then there are special sciences which are irreducible to physics.

) In the field of particle physics, " shmoo " refers to a high energy survey instrument, as utilized at the Los Alamos National Laboratory to capture subatomic cosmic ray particles emitted from the Cygnus X-3 constellation.

In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not.

The word " critical " refers to a cusp in the behavior of the differential equation that governs the number of free neutrons present in the fuel: if less than a critical mass is present, then the amount of neutrons is determined by radioactive decay, but if a critical mass or more is present, then the amount of neutrons is controlled instead by the physics of the chain reaction.

The scientific revolution refers to the history of science in the early modern period, where development in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry transformed views of society and nature.

In physics, free energy most often refers to the Helmholtz free energy, denoted by A, while in chemistry, free energy most often refers to the Gibbs free energy.

* Round-trip loss in laser physics refers to energy lost due to scattering or absorption

Physical simulation refers to simulation in which physical objects are substituted for the real thing ( some circles use the term for computer simulations modelling selected laws of physics, but this article doesn't ).

* In physics and chemistry, protium refers to hydrogen-1, the most common isotope of the element hydrogen, with one proton and no neutrons

The play refers to a wide array of subjects, including mathematics, physics, thermodynamics, computer algorithms, fractals, population dynamics, chaos theory vs. determinism ( especially in the context of love and death ), classics, landscape design, romanticism vs. classicism, English literature ( particularly poetry ), Byron, 18th century periodicals, modern academia, and even South Pacific botany.

In physics, exotic matter is a term which refers to matter which would somehow deviate from the norm and have " exotic " properties.

This is because the term semimetal has a different meaning in physics, one which more specifically refers to the electronic band structure of a substance rather than the overall classification of a chemical element.

Judge Welborn Ayres refers to it as " one of the foremost rural high schools in the state ," having offered instruction even in the less-studied subjects of physics and medieval history.

What " classical physics " refers to depends on the context.

When discussing special relativity, it refers to the Newtonian physics which preceded relativity, i. e. the branches of physics based on principles developed before the rise of relativity and quantum mechanics.

When discussing general relativity, it refers to the result of modifying Newtonian physics to incorporate special relativity.

When discussing quantum mechanics, it refers to non-quantum physics, including special relativity, and general relativity.

# In the context of quantum mechanics, " classical theory " refers to theories of physics that do not use the quantisation paradigm, particularly Newtonian mechanics ( which is also known as classical mechanics ).

Fourier (; ) most commonly refers to Joseph Fourier ( 1768 – 1830 ), French mathematician and physicist, or the mathematics, physics, and engineering terms named in his honor for his work on the concepts underlying them:

In computational physics, numerical dissipation ( also known as " numerical diffusion ") refers to certain side-effects that may occur as a result of a numerical solution to a differential equation.

Mathematical physics refers to development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.

In physics, the term solenoid refers to a long, thin loop of wire, often wrapped around a metallic core, which produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it.

Its mediums include tools such as oil paint, spray paint, pencil, acrylic, and others, using relatively realistic physics to simulate actual painting.

I believe that what I do has some effect on his actions and I have learned, in a way, to commune with drunks, but certainly my actions seem to resemble more nearly the performance of a rain dance than the carrying out of an experiment in physics.

By distinguishing superlunary ( celestial ) and sublunary ( terrestrial ) existence, and reinforcing this with the four-element physics of Empedocles, Aristotle came to speak of the stars as perfect bodies, which moved in only a perfect way, viz. in a perfect circle.

To return now to the four-element physics, a mixture of muddy, frothy water will, when standing in a jar, separate out with earth at the bottom, water on top, and the air on top of that.

`` A person with a master's degree in physics, chemistry, math or English, yet who has not taken Education courses, is not permitted to teach in the public schools '', said Grover.

Hundreds of other organizations exist in the various sub-fields of anthropology, sometimes divided up by nation or region, and many anthropologists work with collaborators in other disciplines, such as geology, physics, zoology, paleontology, anatomy, music theory, art history, sociology and so on, belonging to professional societies in those disciplines as well.

In the Standard Model of physics, electrons are truly elementary particles with no internal structure.

The term atomic physics is often associated with nuclear power and nuclear bombs, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English.

However, physicists distinguish between atomic physics — which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons — and nuclear physics, which considers atomic nuclei alone.

As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in the wider context of atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

It is not concerned with the formation of molecules ( although much of the physics is identical ), nor does it examine atoms in a solid state as condensed matter.

By this consideration atomic physics provides the underlying theory in plasma physics and atmospheric physics, even though both deal with very large numbers of atoms.

In our current understanding of physics, the Bohr model is called a semi-classical model because of its quantization of angular momentum, not primarily because of its relationship with electron wavelength, which appeared in hindsight a dozen years after the Bohr model was proposed.

He also developed his own highly unusual theories of physics, according to which such concepts as " penetrability ", " suction and pressure " and " zig-zag-and-swirl " were discoveries on par with Einstein's Theory of Relativity.

Ampère ’ s devotion to, and skill with, experimental techniques anchored his science within the emerging fields of experimental physics.

RWTH Aachen University, established as Polytechnicum in 1870, is one of the Germany's Universities of Excellence with strong emphasis on technological research, especially for electrical and mechanical engineering, computer sciences, physics, and chemistry.

The remaining twenty pieces cover problems in physics and ethics, of which the largest group deals with questions of vision and light, and the final four with fate and providence.

Among the sixty-nine items in these three books, twenty-four deal with physics, seventeen with psychology, eleven with logic and metaphysics, and six with questions of fate and providence.