Shape note singing communities, with all the members sitting around an open center, each song employing a different director, illustrated this in practice.

Both groups practice Anglo-Saxon Theodism, and have members that have belonged to both the Winland Rice and the Ealdriht.

Venom's members also adopted pseudonyms, a practice that would become widespread among black metal musicians.

In practice, the primary foundation and function of Confucianism is as an ethical philosophy to be practiced by all the members of a society.

At Young's death in 1877, he was followed by other powerful members, who continued the practice of polygamy despite opposition by the United States Congress.

* Closed communion is the practice of restricting the communion to members of a particular church or congregation

* Open communion is the practice of allowing members of other churches to share communion, followed by most Protestant Christian churches

The House of Lords of the UK parliament had, for example through the 1990s, over 700 members with a hereditary right to being a lawgiver ; this practice was reformed in 2004, still some 92 parliamentary seats are set aside for hereditary peers as of 2012.

Most Protestant communities, including Reformed, Evangelical, Methodist, the Church of Sweden, and Anglicans practice open communion in the sense of not limiting it to members of their own Church alone, but some of them require that the communicant be a baptized person or a member of a partner church.

After a total of three years ' probation, newly joining members would take an oath that included the commitment to practice piety towards " the Deity " ( το θειον ) and righteousness towards humanity, to maintain a pure lifestyle, to abstain from criminal and immoral activities, to transmit their rules uncorrupted and to preserve the books of the Essenes and the names of the Angels.

In practice, the sectoral corporations exercised little independence and were largely controlled by the regime, and employee organizations were rarely led by employees themselves but instead by appointed Fascist party members.

The group has also dominated various PLO and Palestinian Authority forces and security services which were / are not officially tied to Fatah, but in practice have served as wholly pro-Fatah armed units, and been staffed largely by members.

The Premier then directs the Governor to appoint other members of parliament to the Executive Council of New South Wales known as the Cabinet, and it is in practice only from this group of ministers of the Crown that the Queen and governor will take direction on the use of executive power, an arrangement called the Queen-in-Council or, more specifically, the Governor-in-Council.

In practice imperial provinces were run by resident governors who were members of the Senate and had held the consulship.

Leaders and members of Unitas Fratrum were forced to choose to either leave the many and varied southeastern principalities of what was the Holy Roman Empire ( mainly Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia and parts of Germany and its many states ), or to practice their beliefs secretly.

In addition, during a period of religious zeal in 1807 and 1808, most, but not all, of the Harmonists adopted the practice of celibacy and there were also few marriages among the members.

Eventually, the church adopted a policy of excommunicating members found practicing polygamy, and today seeks actively to distance itself from " fundamentalist " groups that continue the practice.

The students do their academic work on-line with the Frontier Nursing University faculty members and they do their clinical practice with a nurse-midwife in their community who is credentialed by Frontier as a clinical faculty member.

A magical organization is an organization created for the practice of magic or to further the knowledge of magic among its members.

Similarly, virtually all members of LAMP have also resigned from the Louisiana Psychological Association ( LPA ) after many LPA members asserted that the LAMP's prescriptive authority movement secretly came to an agreement with Louisiana's medical board to transfer the practice of psychology for psychologists with prescriptive authority to the medical board.

Kaplan, a critic of both Orthodox and Reform Judaism, believed that Jewish practice should be reconciled with modern thought, a philosophy reflected in his Sabbath Prayer Book ..." Due to Kaplan's evolving position on Jewish theology and the liturgy, he was also condemned as a heretic by members of Young Israel.

For example, the LDS Church excommunicates members who practice polygamy or who adopt the beliefs and practices of Mormon fundamentalism.

In actual practice, the Party CMC, after consultation with the democratic parties, proposes the names of the State CMC members of the NPC so that these people after going through the legal processes can be elected by the NPC to the State Central Military Commission.

In France, Italy and Portugal, civilian physicians must be members of the Order of Physicians to practice medicine.

In practice, power was more and more concentrated in the hands of the President who, supported by an ever increasing staff, largely controlled parliament, government, and the judiciary.

As the game grew in popularity, it came under the ban of king and parliament, both fearing it might jeopardise the practice of archery, then so important in battle.

The Sovereign may appoint anyone a Privy Counsellor, but in practice appointments are made only on the advice of the Government, and generally consist only of senior members of parliament, the church and judiciary.

In 1928, Menzies gave up his law practice to enter state parliament as a member of the Victorian Legislative Council from East Yarra Province, representing the Nationalist Party of Australia.

The prime minister then directs the governor general to appoint other members of parliament to a committee of the privy council known as the Cabinet, and it is in practice only from this group of ministers of the Crown that the Queen and governor general will take direction on the use of executive power ; an arrangement called the Queen-in-Council or, more specifically, the Governor-in-Council.

The Australian Labor Party's practice of allocating a portion of ALP ticket votes to Australian Greens has helped bring AG candidates into parliament.

In doing so, he diverged from the actions of his predecessors who had been faced with the task of appointing a Prime minister from a hung parliament, Presidents N. Sanjiva Reddy, R. Venkataraman, and Shankar Dayal Sharma: the latter two had followed the practice of inviting the leader of the single largest party or pre-election coalition to form the government without investigating their ability to secure the confidence of the house.

When the measure was sent in May to the parliament they said " Given the damage it produces on those rules which allow the life in community, ensure the dignity of the person and equality between sexes, this practice, even if it is voluntary, cannot be tolerated in any public place ".

He was an authority on the history and practice of parliament and the constitution, and besides the pamphlets already mentioned above was the author of The Case Stated concerning the Judicature of the House of Peers in the Point of Appeals ( 1675 ); The Case Stated of the Jurisdiction of the House of Lords in the point of Impositions ( 1676 ); Letter of a Gentleman to his Friend showing that the Bishops are not to be judges in Parliament in Cases Capital ( 1679 ); Lord Holles his Remains, being a 2nd letter to a Friend concerning the judicature of the Bishops in Parliament ...

This left Brüning without any hope of reforging a party coalition and forced him to base his administration on the presidential emergency decree (" Notverordnung ") of Article 48 of the Constitution, circumventing parliament and the informal toleration of this practice by the parties.

In the long tariff debate Reid was at a disadvantage as parliament was sitting in Melbourne and he could not entirely neglect his practice as a barrister in Sydney, as his parliamentary income was less than a tenth of his income from his legal practice.

After the Dutch parliament legalized same-sex marriage the Protestant Church in the Netherlands permitted individual congregations to decide whether or not to bless such relationships as a union of love and faith before God, and in practice many churches now conduct such ceremonies.

In practice, the appointment of the Prime Minister is determined by their support in the Folketing ( the national parliament ).

This provided for the circumventing of parliament, and the informal toleration of this practice by the parties.

Although the officer was elected by the commons at the start of each parliament, with at least one contested election known, in 1420 ( Roger Hunt prevailing by a majority of just four votes ), in practice the Crown was usually able to get whom it wanted, indicating that the famous ' defence of the Common's privilege ' should not be seen in isolation as the principal thread in the office's evolution.

According to the Belgian constitution, the federal prime minister is appointed by the king, and approved by the federal parliament with a vote of confidence ( in practice the king usually appoints the leader of the winning party as " formateur " to form a government ).

Though the great majority of the people were Roman Catholics, no person of that faith could either enter parliament or exercise the franchise ; the penal code, which made it almost impossible for a Roman Catholic to hold property, to follow a learned profession, or even to educate his children, and which in numerous particulars pressed severely on the Roman Catholics and subjected them to degrading conditions, was as yet unrepealed, though in practice largely obsolete ; the industry and commerce of Ireland were throttled by restrictions imposed, in accordance with the economic theories of the period, in the interest of the rival trade of Great Britain.

Although not formally necessary, the Prime Minister in practice is the leader of the largest party in the majority coalition in the House of Representatives, the lower house of parliament.

Gascoigne's reputation is that of a great lawyer who in times of doubt and danger asserted the principle that the head of state is subject to law, and that the traditional practice of public officers, or the expressed voice of the nation in parliament, and not the will of the monarch or any part of the legislature, must guide the tribunals of the country.

Every succeeding sovereign has renewed the arrangement made between George III and parliament and the practice has, since the nineteenth century, been recognised as " an integral part of the Constitution would be difficult to abandon ", especially as resuming control of the income from the Crown Estate would cause the monarch to be liable for the cost of the civil government, civil and diplomatic services.

Putting this into practice required a new act of parliament which was obtained in 1819.