In economics and finance, arbitrage () is the practice of taking advantage of a price difference between two or more markets: striking a combination of matching deals that capitalize upon the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices.

However, because fiat money is backed by government guarantee of a certain amount of goods and services, where the value of this is in turn determined by free market currency exchange rates, similar to the case for the international market exchange values which determines the value of metals which back commodity money, in practice there is very little economic difference between the two types of money ( types of currencies ).

In practice, the existence of a continuous extension of the difference quotient Q ( h ) to is shown by modifying the numerator to cancel h in the denominator.

Because of the difference in practice, dharma is of two kinds,

To be effective, and simply as its mode of practice, deconstruction creates new notions or concepts, not to synthesize the terms in opposition, but to mark their difference, undecidability, and eternal interplay.

In practice, the difference between a mathematical function and the notion of a function used in imperative programming is that imperative functions can have side effects that may change the value of program state.

The difference in speed can be substantial, especially for long data sets where N may be in the thousands or millions — in practice, the computation time can be reduced by several orders of magnitude in such cases, and the improvement is roughly proportional to N / log ( N ).

The difference is significant on paper, but rarely material in practice.

Charles Allen Moser pointed out that this change is not really substantive as DSM-IV already acknowledged a difference between paraphilias and non-pathological but unusual sexual interests, a distinction that is virtually identical to what is being proposed for DSM-5, and it is a distinction that, in practice, has often been ignored.

In Egypt he spent three years, and from a practice in the management of Date Palms, which he observed in that country, he seems to have deduced the doctrine of the sexual difference of plants, which was adopted as the foundation of the Linnaean taxonomy system.

As size difference decreases, or the females are larger than males, a species is more likely to practice monogamy or polyandry.

Others instead suggest that this would not be a difference, since the control over official powers is extremely hard to be verified in practice.

The difference is that whereas SWEBOK defines the software engineering knowledge that practitioners should have after four years of practice, SE2004 defines the knowledge that an undergraduate software engineering student should possess upon graduation ( including knowledge of mathematics, general engineering principles, and other related areas ).

There is a significant difference from the way the practice has developed in North America with the jocular threat.

For homonuclear A – A bonds, Linus Pauling took the covalent radius to be half the single-bond length in the element, e. g. R ( H – H, in H < sub > 2 </ sub >) = 74. 14 pm so r < sub > cov </ sub >( H ) = 37. 07 pm: in practice, it is usual to obtain an average value from a variety of covalent compounds, although the difference is usually small.

To illustrate how one may use Newton's formula in actual practice, consider the first few terms of the Fibonacci sequence f = 2, 2, 4 ... One can find a polynomial that reproduces these values, by first computing a difference table, and then substituting the differences which correspond to x < sub > 0 </ sub > ( underlined ) into the formula as follows,

In telecommunication, aperture-to-medium coupling loss is the difference between the theoretical antenna gain of a very large antenna, such as the antennas in beyond-the-horizon microwave links, and the gain that can be realized in practice.

Even parity is simpler from the perspective of theoretical mathematics, but there is no difference in practice.

Forster had the opportunity to experience the difference between the promises of the revolution of happiness for all and its cruel practice.

In practice, the difference is kept track of by the difference UTC – UT1, which is measured by radio telescopes and kept on file and available to the public at the IERS and at the United States Naval Observatory.

* It describes untrained movements, not movements that are executed after months or years of practice ( though some argue that Fitts's law models behaviour that is so low level that extensive training doesn't make much difference ).

In practice, OOP setups range from a mere two-tooth phase difference between cranks to a full 90 ° phase difference.

The discrepancy between what we commonly profess and what we practice or tolerate is great, and it does not escape the notice of others.

The suppositions in the previous illustration might be sufficiently altered by establishing a connection between general company practice and local practice in the South, and by establishing such direct connection between the practice and the economic well-being of stores located in New York and general company policy.

In summary, while we stress that constructive engagement between anthropology and the military is possible, CEAUSSIC suggests that the AAA emphasize the incompatibility of HTS with disciplinary ethics and practice for job seekers and that it further recognize the problem of allowing HTS to define the meaning of “ anthropology ” within DoD.

* Bar ( law ), in a legal context has three possible meanings: the division of a courtroom between its working and public areas ; the process of qualifying to practice law ; and the legal profession

In game design, balance is the concept and the practice of tuning relationships between a game's component systems.

In practice, almost all computers use a variety of memory types, organized in a storage hierarchy around the CPU, as a trade-off between performance and cost.

" However, in practice, it is often difficult to distinguish between a war of vendetta and one of conquest.

The elections for Curule Aedile were at first alternated between Patricians and Plebeians, until late in the 2nd century BC, when the practice was abandoned and both classes became free to run during all years.

In practice, there is overlap between the three processes with, for example, the excavation of the crater continuing in some regions while modification and collapse is already underway in others.

Alternately, mutual agreement between a man and a woman could mold their relationship to concubinage because then it was an acceptable social practice.

Watanabe, however, made no secret that, in addition to Lupin III, the series paid subtle tribute to his favorite American films and series, which were shown in Japan during the 1970s and ' 80s including Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( the relationship between Spike and Jet ), Bruce Lee films ( Spike's martial-arts practice ), films with blues or jazz soundtracks ( the music of the series ), as well as Blaxploitation films ( the series has a very racially diverse supporting cast ).

In modern print, a distinction is made between the letter in its original alphabetic role as a consonant sign, which is rendered as " Ϝ " or its modern lowercase variant " ϝ ", and the numeric symbol, which is represented by " ϛ " ( or, in modern practice in Greece, replaced with " στ ").

He wrote sentimental plays, Le Fils naturel ( 1757 ) and Le Père de famille ( 1758 ), accompanying them with essays on theatrical theory and practice, including " Les Entretiens sur Le Fils Naturel " ( Conversations on The Natural Son ), in which he announced the principles of a new drama: the ' serious genre ', a realistic midpoint between comedy and tragedy that stood in opposition to the stilted conventions of the classical French stage.

Rather, a Dictator was a person given sole power ( unlike the normal Roman republican practice, where rule was divided between two equal Consuls ) for a specific limited period, in order to deal with an emergency.

There are ongoing issues concerning the validity and reliability of the diagnostic categories ; the reliance on superficial symptoms ; the use of artificial dividing lines between categories and from ' normality '; possible cultural bias ; medicalization of human distress and financial conflicts of interest, including with the practice of psychiatrists and with the pharmaceutical industry ; political controversies about the inclusion or exclusion of diagnoses from the manual, in general or in regard to specific issues ; and the experience of those who are most directly affected by the manual by being diagnosed, including the consumer / survivor movement.

If a distinction is to be made between divination and fortune-telling, divination has a formal or ritual and often social character, usually in a religious context, as seen in traditional African medicine ; while fortune-telling is a more everyday practice for personal purposes.

He also surveys the latest research into the relationship between the past, history, and historical practice, as well as forwarding his own challenging theories.

In practice, performance to price ratio falls rapidly as N is increased once there is even a small component of ( 1 − P ).

This practice could be sustained only by requisitioning precious metals from private citizens in exchange for state-minted coin ( of a far lower value than the price of the precious metals requisitioned ).

While most of his proposals-" to abandon the gold standard, let international exchange rates float, use federal surpluses and deficits as macroeconomic policy tools that could counter cyclical trends, and establish bureaus of economic statistics ( including a consumer price index ) in order to facilitate this effort "-are now conventional practice, his critique of fractional-reserve banking still " remains outside the bounds of conventional wisdom ".

It refers to the practice of a company paying a high price to buy back shares of its own stock to prevent an unfriendly takeover by another company or businessman.

Because this practice increases the supply of currency without any matching increase in demand for it, the price of the currency, that is the exchange rate, naturally falls relative to other currencies.

A company must have some degree of market power to practice price discrimination.

A company wishing to practice price discrimination must be able to prevent middlemen or brokers from acquiring the consumer surplus for themselves.

As other firms joined this practice, prices began falling everywhere and a price war ensued.

Although he initially needed Watson to share the rent of his comfortable residence at 221B Baker Street, Watson reveals in " The Adventure of the Dying Detective ", when Holmes was living alone, that " I have no doubt that the house might have been purchased at the price which Holmes paid for his rooms ," suggesting he had developed a good income from his practice, although it is seldom revealed exactly how much he charges for his services.

During this conflict both sides tried to deprive each other of the resources to continue the war and it became standard practice to destroy agricultural areas, butcher the population of cities and in general exact a brutal price from captured enemy lands in order to drastically weaken the opposition's war effort.

But in practice the main role of the model is as a sub-model of larger models ( especially the Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply model ) which allow for a flexible price level.

Not only are they generally able to offer punters better odds due to their much lower overheads, but also in giving opportunities for arbitrage: the practice of taking advantage of a price differential between two or more markets, although traditionally arbitrage has always been possible by backing all outcomes with bookmakers ( dutching ) as opposed to laying an outcome on an exchange.

It is defined as education given to the consumer about various consumer goods and services, covering price, what the consumer can expect, standard trade practice, etc.

Historically an alternative practice of issuance was for the borrowing government authority to issue bonds over a period of time, usually at a fixed price, with volumes sold on a particular day dependent on market conditions.

Around 9 out of 10, bled to death during the procedure, but the high price brought by eunuchs on the market made the practice profitable.

# End the practice of awarding business on the basis of a price tag.

The political issue was a dispute between landowners ( a long-established class, who were heavily represented in Parliament ) and the new class of manufacturers and industrialists ( who were not ): the former desired to maximise their profits from agriculture, by keeping the price at which they could sell their grain high ; the latter wished to maximise their profits from manufacture, by reducing the wages they paid to their factory workers -- the difficulty being that men could not work in the factories if a factory wage was not enough to feed them and their families ; hence, in practice, high grain prices kept factory wages high also.

As a result, the price of the stock that has been removed from the index tends to be driven down, and the price of stock that has been added to the index tends to be driven up, in part due to arbitrageurs, in a practice known as " index front running ".

In finance, short selling ( also known as shorting or going short ) is the practice of selling securities or other financial instruments, with the intention of subsequently repurchasing them (" covering ") at a lower price.

The potential loss on a short sale is theoretically unlimited in the event of an unlimited rise in the price of the instrument, however in practice the short seller will be required to post margin or collateral to cover losses, and any inability to do so on a timely basis would cause its broker or counterparty to liquidate the position.

In practical terms, going short can be considered the opposite of the conventional practice of " going long ", whereby an investor profits from an increase in the price of the asset.

In order to manipulate the price of the stock, Saccard and his confreres on the syndicate he has set up to jumpstart the enterprise buy their own stock and hide the proceeds of this illegal practice in a dummy account fronted by a straw man.

* The practice of stock analyst conference calls and meetings of industry participants almost necessarily results in tremendous amounts of strategic and price transparency.