Seward's initial reaction to the Trent affair, however, was too bellicose, so Lincoln also turned to Senator Charles Sumner, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and an expert in British diplomacy.

A copy was also possessed by the Catholic king and emperor Charles V. In France, after an initially mixed reaction, Machiavelli came to be associated with Catherine de ' Medici and the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

Credit for invention of the steam turbine is given both to the British engineer Sir Charles Parsons ( 1854 – 1931 ), for invention of the reaction turbine and to Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval ( 1845 – 1913 ), for invention of the impulse turbine.

As a reaction, Charles ordered an attack on the Russian heartland with an assault on Moscow from his campaign base in Poland.

As Walter Langdon-Brown surmises, it may have been a reaction against this which led Rivers and his fellow Charles S. Myers to devote themselves to these aspects.

After the death of Charles XII in 1718, the system of absolute rule was largely blamed for the ruination of the realm in the Great Northern War, and the reaction tipped the balance of power to the other extreme end of the spectrum, ushering in the Age of Liberty.

William's horrified reaction to this proposal convinced Charles that it was best not to reveal the Dover Treaty to him.

A copy was also possessed by the Catholic king and emperor Charles V. In France, after an initially mixed reaction, Machiavelli came to be associated with Catherine de Medici and the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

In reaction to the defeats in the south, Archduke Charles left Wartensleben in command of 35, 000 men along the Lahn, put 30, 000 troops into the fortress of Mainz and rushed south with 20, 000 soldiers to reinforce Latour.

Finally, in 1894, English chemist Charles Frederick Cross, and his collaborators Edward John Bevan, and Clayton Beadle patented their artificial silk, which they named " viscose ", because the reaction product of carbon disulfide and cellulose in basic conditions gave a highly viscous solution of xanthate.

According to Princess Merle, the biography written by Charles Higham with Roy Moseley, Oberon suffered even further damage to her complexion in 1940 from a combination of cosmetic poisoning and an allergic reaction to sulfa drugs.

This was a reaction to the reigns of Charles II of England and James II of England ( also known as James VII of Scotland ), whose large revenues had made them independent of Parliament.

In the reaction after Napoleon, the country was ruled by conservative monarchs: Victor Emmanuel I ( 1802 – 21 ), Charles Felix ( 1821 – 31 ) and Charles Albert ( 1831 – 49 ), who fought at the head of a contingent of his own troops at the Battle of Trocadero, which set the reactionary Ferdinand VII on the Spanish throne.

In reaction to the power at court of the ultra-Catholic Guise, La Renaudie, a Protestant gentleman of Périgord, perhaps at the distanced instigation of Louis of Bourbon, Prince of Condé, organized an amateurish plot ( the conspiracy of Amboise, 1560 ) to seize the person of the Duke of Guise and his brother Charles, the Cardinal of Lorraine.

The Restoration of King Charles II produced a reaction in which the King regained a large part of the power held by his father ; however, Charles ' ministers and supporters in England accepted a substantial role for Parliament in the government of the kingdoms.

During the Tory reaction under Charles II he was one of the sheriffs forced on the city of London in 1683 with an express view to securing verdicts for the crown in state trials.

Charles Darwin's Origin of Species had been met with a firestorm of controversy in reaction to Darwin's theory, largely because it was clear that it implied that human beings were evolved from animals, contradicting the biblical story in the Book of Genesis and implying an animal nature.

" sensation and response ") " resonance ; reaction ; interaction ; influence ; induction ", which Charles Le Blanc ( 1985: 8-9 ) posits as the Huannanzi text's central and pivotal idea.

The hall was crowded to hear Bishop Samuel Wilberforce's views on Charles Darwin's recent publication of On the Origin of Species, and the occasion was a historically significant part of the reaction to Darwin's theory due to reports of Thomas Henry Huxley's response to Wilberforce.

When the bill was introduced, Charles Stewart Parnell had a mixed reaction.

Charles and the orchestra performed it again several nights in a row with the same reaction at each show.

Also that year he included a painting into the Saatchi Gallery which included the words " British Painting Still Rocks " as reaction to Charles Saatchi's comments that the YBA artists would be nothing more than a footnote in the history of art.

In 1811 independence movements broke out in El Salvador in reaction to events in the Peninsular War, and again in 1814 after the restoration of Ferdinand VII.

An era of reaction against the liberal ideas associated with revolutionary France followed the war, personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII and-to a lesser extent-his daughter Isabella II.

Paralysis of the stapedius, such as in injury to the facial nerve ( CN VII ) distal to the geniculate ganglion prior to its branch to stapedius muscle ( which would also cause Bell's Palsy ), allows wider oscillation of the stapes, resulting in heightened reaction of the auditory ossicles to sound vibration.

Plasma Factor ( f ) VII binds to TF and sets off a chain reaction which activates fXa and fVa which bind to each other to produce thrombin which in turn activates platelets and fVIII.

As far as William, Earl of Douglas's reaction was concerned when he staged an armed demonstration before Robert's coronation, Grant does not hold to the view that Douglas was in some way demonstrating against Robert's legitimate right to the throne but more an assertion that royal patronage should not continue as in the time of David II.

King Charles IX of Sweden bestowed the Royal Order of Jehova or Jehova Orderat his coronation in 1606 — perhaps as Calvinist alternative or reaction to the Catholic devotion to the Name of Jesus implied in his brother ’ s coronation order.

A nineteenth century French art style and movement that originated as a reaction to the Baroque.

In part, it was conceived in reaction to the French Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d ' Alembert ( published 1751 – 1772 ), which had been inspired by Chambers's Cyclopaedia ( first edition 1728 ).

The reaction to Napoleon's conquests of German countries during the era of the French Revolution ( 1790s to 1815 ), produced important institutional reforms, including the abolition of feudal restrictions on the sale of large landed estates, the reduction of the power of the guilds in the cities, and the introduction of a new, more efficient commercial law.

After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars ( 1803 – 1815 ), feudalism fell away and liberalism and nationalism clashed with reaction.

German reaction to the French Revolution was mixed at first.

Renewed Catholic reaction – headed by the powerful Francis, Duke of Guise – led to a massacre of Huguenots at Vassy in 1562, starting the first of the French Wars of Religion, during which English, German, and Spanish forces intervened on the side of rival Protestant and Catholic forces.

" He argued that the anti-feudal sentiment of French peasants expressed in the 1789 cahier de doléances ( list of grievances ) was linked to the " seigneurial reaction " of the late 18th century in which lords significantly increased feudal dues.

At the same time, British, French and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack.

In 1895, French chemist Henri Moissan attempted to form a reaction between fluorine, the most electronegative element, and argon, one of the noble gases, but failed.

Jean Bodin, partly in reaction to the chaos of the French wars of religion ; and Thomas Hobbes, partly in reaction to the English Civil War, both presented theories of sovereignty calling for strong central authority in the form of absolute monarchy.

Largely as a reaction to the radicalism of the French Revolution, the victorious powers of the Napoleonic Wars resolved to suppress liberalism and nationalism, and revert largely to the status quo of Europe prior to 1789.

In the 19th century, the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot and the Danish chemist Julius Thomsen had attempted to quantify affinity using heats of reaction.

The absence of Amélie at the festival caused something of a controversy because of the warm welcome by the French media and audience in contrast with the reaction of the selector.

Parliament's reaction to the French Revolution was so negative, that even this request for an inquiry was rejected by a margin of almost 200 votes.

The French reaction to this flurry of reforms was mixed, however.

The ensuing period, called the Restoration, was characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church, supported by the ultramontanism movement, as a power in French politics.

Both are aware that their time is past, but their reaction to this reality diverges: de Boeldieu accepts the fate of the aristocracy as a positive improvement, but von Rauffenstein does not, lamenting what he sarcastically calls the " charming legacy of the French Revolution ".

" It was the reaction of Premier Pierre Mendès France ( Radical-Socialist Party ), who only a few months before had completed the liquidation of France's empire in Indochina, which set the tone of French policy for five years.

An alternative model of the nation-state was developed in reaction to the French republican concept by the Germans and others, who instead of giving the citizenry sovereignty, kept the princes and nobility, but defined nation-statehood in ethnic-linguistic terms, establishing the rarely if ever fulfilled ideal that all people speaking one language should belong to one state only.

The Ministry of Jacques Toubon was notable for a number of laws ( the " Toubon Laws ") enacted for the preservation of the French language, both in advertisements ( all ads must include a French translation of foreign words ) and on the radio ( 40 % of songs on French radio stations must be in French ), ostensibly in reaction to the presence of English.