The crisis in Kosovo and, in 1986, the emergence of Slobodan Milošević in Serbia provoked a very negative reaction in Croatia and Slovenia ; politicians from both republics feared that his motives would threaten their republics ' autonomy.

The emergence of the brightly coloured Ancestors of Christ from the gloom sparked a reaction of fear that the processes being employed in the cleaning were too severe and removed the original intent of the artist.

The 16th century was marked by the emergence of new ideas and literary trends, often as a reaction against what was perceived as the " obscurantism " of the Middle Ages.

In reaction to the emergence of anarchist ideologies and movements, Saint-Yves elaborated a political formula which he believed would lead to a harmonious society.

The crossover depicted the world's reaction to Superman's death in " Funeral for a Friend ," the emergence of four individuals believed to be the " new " Superman, and the eventual return of the original Superman in " Reign of the Supermen!

Modern academic sociology arose as a reaction to modernity, capitalism, urbanization, rationalization, and secularization, bearing a particularly strong interest in the emergence of the modern nation state ; its constituent institutions, its units of socialization, and its means of surveillance.

Gallagher's reaction may have partly been due to the emergence of " Boulevard of Broken Songs ", a popular mash-up mixed by San Francisco DJ and producer Party Ben in late 2004.

The emergence of the Language poets in the 1970s was one reaction to the predominance of the informal confessional lyric.

In reaction to the emergence of anarchist ideologies and movements, Saint-Yves had elaborated a more conservative political-theological formula over a series of 4 books from 1882 onwards which he believed would result in a harmonious society by considering it as an organic unity.

It is a Whig history of the `` Tory reaction '' which preceded the Reform Bill of 1832, and it uses the figure of Grey to give some unity to the narrative.

Conservative Judaism has its roots in the school of thought known as Positive-Historical Judaism, developed in 1850s Germany as a reaction to the more liberal religious positions taken by Reform Judaism.

Modern Orthodox Judaism developed in reaction to Reform Judaism, by leaders who argued that Jews could participate in public life as citizens equal to Christians, while maintaining the observance of Jewish law.

Elements of Orthodoxy developed their cohesive identity in reaction to the Reform movement in Judaism.

In many ways it was a reaction to what were seen as the excesses of the Reform movement.

About this time in America, Rabbi Sabato Morais championed the reaction to American Reform.

It was in the United States during the 19th century that two of the major branches of Judaism were established by these German immigrants: Reform Judaism ( out of German Reform Judaism ) and Conservative Judaism, in reaction to the perceived liberalness of Reform Judaism.

Historically, the division of Jews in many Western countries into denominations, which in the United States in particular took the form of three large groups known as Orthodox, Conservative and Reform, can be traced to Jewish reaction to the Haskalah ( Jewish Enlightenment ) and its aftermath, and to a certain extent the philosophies of these movements were shaped in reaction to one another.

A professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto and a Reform rabbi, he did not become a Zionist until 1967, when his reaction to the Holocaust and its implications for Jewish law crystallized:

The Unionist Free Food League, formed under the chairmanship of Sir Michael Hicks Beach in July 1903, was a reaction to the Tariff Reform League.

According to non-Orthodox Jews and critical historians, Jewish law too has been affected by surrounding cultures ( for example, some scholars argue that the establishment of absolute monotheism in Judaism was a reaction against the dualism of Zoroastrianism that Jews encountered when living under Persian rule ; Jews rejected polygamy during the Middle Ages, influenced by their Christian neighbors ).

It was founded in 18th-century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov as a reaction against overly legalistic Judaism.

Modern religious movements of Judaism all formed in reaction to this trend.

The term " Torah Judaism " is a reaction to the perceived inappropriateness in the meaning of " Orthodox " ( from Greek, ' correct opinion '), as well as a conscious intent to label non-Orthodox Jewish movements as being divorced from the Torah.

Some scholars suggest that the major impetus for the formation of Karaism was a reaction to the rapid rise of Shi ' a Islam, which recognized Judaism as a fellow monotheistic faith, but claimed that it detracted from monotheism by deferring to Rabbinic authority.

Originally formed in Germany as a reaction to traditional Judaism, stresses integration with society and a personal interpretation of the Torah.

He subsequently recommended that they undergo a conventional conversion to Judaism, which provoked an angry reaction.

The improvement was most noticeable in the greater consistency among reaction cells prepared as a group on the same manifold.

Among this latter group there were also differences in the amount and kind of information necessary before a shift in reaction occurred.

Spoilage by chemical action results from the reaction of one group of components in the food with others or with its environment, as in corrosion of the walls of metal containers or the reaction of fats with oxygen in the air to produce rancidity.

They are composed of two monosaccharide units bound together by a covalent bond known as a glycosidic linkage formed via a dehydration reaction, resulting in the loss of a hydrogen atom from one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group from the other.

Another approach used is the reaction of di-functional monomers, with one amine and one carboxylic acid group on the same molecule:

In this Paterno – Büchi reaction, a photoexcited carbonyl group is added to an unexcited olefin, yielding an oxetane.

In a substitution reaction, a functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group.

In contrast to the E1 eliminations, different stereochemical configurations are possible for the reaction product in the E2 mechanism, because the attack of the base preferentially occurs in the anti-position with respect to the leaving group.

This process is often associated with an elimination, so that after the reaction the carbonyl group is present again.

This reaction is often catalyzed by acids or bases, where the acids increase by the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group by binding to the oxygen atom, whereas the bases enhance the nucleophilicity of the attacking nucleophile.

It involves the group's initial reaction or interaction, influencing the individual's actual behavior towards the group or the group leader, restricting members of one group from opportunities or privileges that are available to another group, leading to the exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or irrational decision making.

As a reaction to the artistic and economic stagnation of German cinema, a group of young film-makers issued the Oberhausen Manifesto on February 28, 1962.

The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction ( s ) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of.

Collective guilt ( or group guilt ) is the unpleasant and often emotional reaction that results among a group of individuals when it is perceived that the group illegitimately harmed members of another group.

In 1934, the authorities of the Basel-Stadt canton criminalized anti-Jewish hate speech, e. g. the accusation of ritual murders, mostly in reaction against a pro-nazi antisemitic group and newspaper, the Volksbund.

In this reaction, a base, usually triethylamine, removes the acidic proton alpha to the carbonyl group, inducing the formation of the carbon-carbon double bond and the loss of a chloride ion.

Demethylation ( the transfer of the methyl group to another compound ) is a common process, and reagents that undergo this reaction are called methylating agents.