Action research or participatory action research – is a research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a " community of practice " to improve the way they address issues and solve problems.

Critical thinking can occur whenever one judges, decides, or solves a problem ; in general, whenever one must figure out what to believe or what to do, and do so in a reasonable and reflective way.

Early types of optical mice have the problem of not working well on transparent or reflective surfaces such as glass or highly polished wood.

These materials have the same idea, but go about the problem in a different way by switching between a transparent state when they are off to a reflective state when a voltage is applied.

Technique and Industry have confronted art with the problem of construction as an active process and not reflective.

They cite the rarity of airtime on national radio for Māori music and the exclusion from the mainstream music industry as reflective of the wider societal problem.

Moreover, chromatic aberration, a major problem with long refractive lenses, and off-axis aberration, a major problem with reflective telescopes, is almost completely eliminated by the catadioptric system, making the image they produce suitable to fill the large focal plane of a camera.

Of particular interest are the new view ’ s fallibilist account of knowledge of logical truth, its treatment of reflective knowledge and lottery propositions, its solutions to the value problem and the generality problem, its implications about skepticism, and its explanation of why knowledge is power in the Baconian sense.

The problem was especially noticeable during inclement weather when the strobes ' intensity was increased and the roadways were reflective from water on the surface.

The term idea refers to our more reflective or thoughtful consciousness as opposed to the immediacies of sensuous or emotional experience.

In England are considerations of reflective content, the epic poem, tragedy, and a taste for thoughtful wit.

Holleran's essays are by turns thoughtful, reflective, angry, frustrated, and mournful in the extreme.

Whatever the decision, he has moved toward reflective equilibrium.

In his visit to the United States, Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa remarked to former president Bill Clinton ( who had proposed international restriction on whaling ) that the Maruha Corporation's decision was reflective of Japan's change in attitude towards whaling.

With French support, a reorganization of the armed forces was initiated early in 1991 with the goal of reducing its numbers and making its ethnic composition reflective of the country as a whole.

A thin layer of aluminium or, more rarely, gold is applied to the surface making it reflective.

Euripides reduced the use of the chorus and was more naturalistic in his representation of human drama, making it more reflective of the realities of daily life.

In most metals, the plasma frequency is in the ultraviolet, making them shiny ( reflective ) in the visible range.

* A list end point can be made reflective by making the link pointer be zero.

A reflective prism is made by making a right triangle prism ( typically, half of an equilateral prism ) with one side mirrored.

Speculum metal is a mixture of around two-thirds copper and one-third tin making a white brittle alloy that can be polished to make a highly reflective surface.

It is reflective of the disturbed conditions of the nation existing at the time that when the house-to-house collecters were making their rounds, one of the collectors noted that " the Rector at Mount Hybla was so relieved at hearing it was not a hold up, he gave us two pounds ".

Wood and cloth ( such as portions of planes and balloons used to be commonly made ) or plastic and fibreglass are less reflective or indeed transparent to Radar making them suitable for radomes.

Screens using reflective LCDs required no internal light source, making them particularly well suited to laptop computers.

The respondents answered based on how much money they thought they spent on virtual goods, rather than their actual spending patterns, and respondents are not necessarily the same ones from the previous year, making year-by-year comparisons possibly less reflective of actual spending patterns.

In 1930 he invented the Schmidt telescope which corrected for the optical errors of spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism, making possible for the first time the construction of very large, wide-angled reflective cameras of short exposure time for astronomical research.

* Concentrating sunlight: A reflective mirror of polished glass, metal or metallised film is used to concentrate light and heat from the sun into a small cooking area, making the energy more concentrated and increasing its heating power.

These include infinite or near-infinite rigidity, making them " unbreakable objects ", and a perfect or nearly-perfect reflective surface.

Jürgen Habermas has argued that to understand rationalization properly requires going beyond Weber's notion of rationalization and distinguishing between instrumental rationality, which involves calculation and efficiency ( in other words, reducing all relationships to those of means and ends ), and communicative rationality, which involves expanding the scope of mutual understanding in communication, the ability to expand this understanding through reflective discourse about communication, and making social and political life subject to this expanded understanding.

The declarant's reflective powers must be stilled, meaning that, while making the statement, the declarant would not have had a chance to reflect upon the startling event, fabricate a purposefully false statement, and then say it.

The branch is so named due to its representation of an earlier non-chivalric, non-courtly, tradition of story-telling, making it more reflective of the Dark Ages than of the refined High Middle Ages.

The Power Plant and the Central Computer are surrounded by walls made entirely of " dots ", while Big Otto and the Robot Factory are surrounded by reflective walls with only one breakable " dot " in the corner, making them more difficult to hit.

A more successful series of calculators using a reflective DSM-LCD was launched in 1972 by Sharp Inc with the Sharp EL-805, which was a slim pocket calculator.

The telescope associated with NIMS was all reflective ( using only mirrors and no lenses ) with an aperture of 229 mm.

As an example of this, Hall & Greenberg found that even for a very reflective scene, using this with a maximum depth of 15 resulted in an average ray tree depth of 1. 7.

Through this and the reflective facilities the user can examine the context in which the error occurred, redefine the offending code, and continue, all within the system, using Smalltalk-80's reflective facilities.

Myrabo's " lightcraft " design is a reflective funnel-shaped craft that channels heat from the laser, towards the center, using a reflective parabolic surface causing the laser to literally explode the air underneath it, generating lift.

Many antenna types, such as reflective array antennas, use flat surfaces of metal or metal screen to reflect radio waves from the antenna elements, and these can be analyzed using image antennas.

In addition to birefringence and dichroism in extended media, polarization effects describable using Jones matrices can also occur at ( reflective ) interface between two materials of different refractive index.

Higher efficiency versions using infrared reflective coating ( IRC ) technology are 40 % more efficient than standard low voltage halogen lamps

Making metamerism matches using reflective materials is more complex.

Other art expresses fantastic anthropomorphic creatures, often highly stylized, using an iconography reflective of a religious meaning.

To avoid the weight and fragility of using a large glass mirror, the reflective material appeared on a flexible mylar sheet.

Saleem, using his telepathic powers, assembles a Midnight Children's Conference, reflective of the issues India faced in its early statehood concerning the cultural, linguistic, religious, and political differences faced by a vastly diverse nation.

Fabry – Pérot interferometer, using a pair of partially reflective, slightly wedged optical flats.

In 2011, JVC announced an archival DVD recording media manufactured with quality control and inspection frequencies techniques greater than is traditionally used in media manufacturing, and using specially developed silver alloy as a reflective layer and organic dye with in-house developed additives to secure long-term data retention.

Solar thermal heat is trapped using the greenhouse effect ; the greenhouse effect in this case is the ability of a reflective surface to transmit short wave radiation and reflect long wave radiation.

# Passive marker systems, using reflective markers ( typically reflective balls ), allows for very accurate measurement of movements using multiple cameras ( typically five to twelve cameras ), simultaneously.

* metallic, reflective, materials using energy conservation algorithms

By using a reflective substrate such as silicon, light reflected from proteins will interfere with light reflected from the substrate.

In these cases, rather than using separate mirrors, a reflective optical coating may be directly applied to the laser medium itself.