When one society finds itself forced to relinquish power entirely to another society that in itself is a form of underdevelopment .... During the centuries of pre-colonial trade, some control over social political and economic life was retained in Africa, in spite of the disadvantageous commerce with Europeans.

In spite of this perceived opposition to Fine Gael from the left of the Irish political spectrum, the party, due to Dáil arithmetic, has never entered into national government without the backing of the Labour Party.

Most of his political measures, indeed, stood the test of experience, but in ecclesiastico-political matters he witnessed with sorrow the gradual decline of Catholicism and the spread of Lutheranism within his dominions, in spite of his earnest efforts and forcible prohibition of the new doctrine.

Because there seems to be no acceptable alternative available, political support for the much troubled TBS-system remains, in spite of the controversy.

Major never succeeded in reconciling the " Euro-rebels " among his MPs to his European policy, who although relatively few in number-in spite of the fact that their views were much more widely supported amongst Conservative activists and voters-wielded great influence because of his small majority, and episodes such as the Maastricht Rebellion inflicted serious political damage on him and his government.

When it appeared that, in spite of heavy pressure, non-communist parties might receive in excess of 40 percent of the vote in the August 1947 Hungarian elections, an all-out repression was instituted to suppress independent political forces.

In spite of the metaphysical subject, the Commedia is deeply rooted in the cultural and social milieu of turn-of-the-century Florence: Dante's rise to power ( 1300 ) and exile ( 1302 ), his political passions call for a " violent " use of language, where he uses all the registers, from low and trivial to sublime and philosophical.

In a 1997 interview, FARC-EP Commander Alfonso Cano argued that some guerrilla units continued to do so for " political and economic reasons " in spite of the prohibition issued by the leadership.

The support given to him by the church in spite of his excommunication was of great political importance.

Sexological findings, in spite of being scientifically based, can still become controversial when they contradict " mainstream ", religious, or political beliefs in a given society.

In spite of unfavourable political conditions and losing contact with technical development in non-communist countries, Škoda retained a good reputation until the 1960s, producing models such as the Škoda 440 Spartak, 445 Octavia, Felicia and Škoda 1000 MB.

In spite of all the evidence, people underappreciate or, more often, ignore the political implications of the therapeutic character of Nazism and of the use of medical metaphors in modern democracies.

Skeptics noted that Hu Jintao made a statement praising the governments of Cuba and North Korea ( in spite of their economic " flaws ") shortly after announcing Hu Yaobang's public commemoration, implying that it would be unlikely that the party would pursue a dramatic programme of political reform in the near future.

In spite of its military and commercial successes, Genoa fell prey to the internal factions which put pressure on its political structure.

When it appeared that, in spite of heavy pressure, non-communist parties might receive in excess of 40 % of the vote in the August 1947 Hungarian elections, repressions were instituted to liquidate any independent political forces.

Michael's first reign would be short lived at only three years, until his father Carol II came back to contest the title at the behest of a dissatisfied political faction that staged a sudden ' coup d ' état ' ( in spite of the fact that only a few years earlier he had renounced in official documents, written and signed in front of his own father, all his future claims to the throne of Romania ).

After ten years in the political wilderness, he returned to government ; yet, in spite of his knowledge and experience of the world, he was unable to assert himself fully as foreign secretary until the last weeks of Lloyd George's premiership.

In spite of this, Grenville had now become associated with Bute rather than his former political allies who were even more vocal in their opposition to the peace treaty than he was.

In spite of the many shopping malls that exist in Puebla today, the Zocalo remains the cultural, political and religious center of the city.

In spite of being actively promoted by members from every side of the political spectrum, these narratives are often seen as being associated with mainly with the dictatorial regime of Francisco Franco, which associated itself with the imperial past that was depicted in thoroughly positive terms .< ref > Molina Martínez, Miguel.

In spite of friendly rivalry with Erling Norvik, Rolf Presthus, and Jan P. Syse, these and other party members led a political shift in Norway away from the social democratic legacy.

In spite of the disastrous failure of political confederation, the members of the Cape parliament set about establishing a South African Customs Union in 1888.

In spite of his political overtures, which was partly justified when some leftist political elements in British Borneo territories Sarawak and Brunei opposed the Federation plan and aligned themselves with Sukarno, Malaysia was proclaimed in September 1963.

In spite of Germain's departure, the North government fell shortly afterwards in February 1782 and was followed by a period of political instability.

The saddest experience in his old days was the conversion of King Henry IV to Catholicism, in spite of his most earnest exhortations ( 1593 ).

In spite of this neglect, the Indian towns at San Juan Capistrano, San Dieguito, and Las Flores did continue on for some time under a provision in Gobernador Echeandía's 1826 Proclamation that allowed for the partial conversion of missions to pueblos.

In spite of Sabbatai's apostasy, many of his adherents still tenaciously clung to him, claiming that his conversion was a part of the Messianic scheme.

In spite of this, during the 1960s, David Bromberg had a Martin archtop converted to a flat-top guitar with exceptionally successful results, and as a result, Martin has recently begun issuing a David Bromberg model based on this conversion.

However, Anatoly Michailovich Khazanov has argued that " it is quite possible that the adherents of this view oversimplified the ethnic history of the group, particularly if one compares it with another Muslim Georgian group, the Adzhar, who in spite of their conversion to Islam have retained, not only the Georgian language, but to some extent also the Georgian tradition culture and self-identification.

Designed by Llandaff architect John Prichard on a Greek Cross plan, the latter was financed totally by the third Marquess of Bute, in spite of his conversion to Catholicism in 1868.

In spite of this neglect, the Luiseño Native American town at Las Flores ( along with the Juaneño one at San Juan Capistrano and Luiseño one at San Dieguito ) continued on for some time under a provision in Gobernador Echeandía's 1826 Proclamation that allowed for the partial conversion of missions to pueblos.

In spite of their conversion to Christianity, the Nenets still regard these piles with superstition.

In spite of Pickering Dodge's explicit instructions regarding variation of meals, the food did not seem the same as at home.

The highly intellectual minds that Krim says he encountered, in the Village did their work in spite of,, not because of, any Village atmosphere.

In spite of the increase in numbers and prestige brought about by the conversions of Newman and other Tractarians of the 1840's and 1850's, the Catholic segment of England one hundred years ago was a very small one ( four per cent, or 800,000 ) which did not enjoy a gracious hearing from the general public.

According to Hyginus Artemis once loved Orion ( in spite of the late source, this version appears to be a rare remnant of her as the pre-Olympian goddess, who took consorts, as Eos did ), but was tricked into killing him by her brother Apollo, who was " protective " of his sister's maidenhood.

In spite of its name, and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did not have an architecture department during the first years of its existence.

" Meinhof did this in spite of earlier work by scholars such as Lepsius and Johnston demonstrating that the languages which he would later dub " Nilo-Hamitic " were in fact Nilotic languages with numerous similarities in vocabulary with other Nilotic languages.

But in spite of the best efforts of Atchison and the Ruffians, Kansas did reject slavery and finally became a free state in 1861.

In spite of this, it seems that “ many poets did not object to and some must have preferred baroque juxtapositions of unlike kennings and neutral or incongruous verbs in their verses ” ( Foote & Wilson ( 1970 ), p. 332 ).

Murray responded to much criticism by claiming that it was religiously motivated, coming from Christians who did not want her theories to be true: in one case she stated that her theory had received " a hostile reception from many strictly Christian sects and reviewers, but it made its way in spite of opposition.

In spite of the forty year Italian relationship with the sultanates, Italy did not have adequate knowledge of the geography.

In spite of having coined the most common English word used for modern diving equipment, Lambertsen did not invent that equipment.

In spite of being extremely busy, Mussolini did me the great honour of conversing with me for three-quarters of an hour.

In spite of the rapid development and increasing use of computer networks, access control manufacturers remained conservative and did not rush to introduce network-enabled products.

That, she probably did not do out of spite to her son: for, whilst Arthur lived economically well-off, having not only preserved but even doubled his share of his father's wealth, Adele, as Johanna foresaw, would pass financial difficulties after her mother's death — something in which the spendthrift Johanna played no small role.

In spite of what is mistakenly stated in the Liber Pontificalis, he did not in fact suffer martyrdom.

According to Morrow, in spite of the CTW Model's effectiveness in creating a popular show, commercial television " made only a limited effort to emulate CTW's methods ", and did not use a curriculum or evaluate what children learned from them.

The British Crown and colonial governments did not recognize prior Aboriginal ownership of their lands, waters and property, in spite of claiming that Aborigines fell within the protection of the law as British subjects.

The most notable victim, Marcus Tullius Cicero, who had opposed Caesar and excoriated Antony in his Philippics, came as no surprise ; nor did the proscription of Marcus Favonius, a follower of Cato and a constant opponent of both triumvirates ; but the proscription of Caesar's legate Quintus Tullius Cicero ( Marcus Tullius Cicero's younger brother ) seems to be motivated by pure spite.

He continually delayed, however, and, in spite of his renewal of this vow at his coronation as the King of Germany, he did not travel to Egypt with the armies of the Fifth Crusade in 1217.

When the novel opens, Edek Zepler is an old man of 76 who certainly enjoys good food, a man living alone with his dog in the old house in Melbourne, feeling rather alone — in spite of an active Jewish community in his neighbourhood — and without any life in him since his wife's death in 1986 (" The saddest thing did already happen to me.

During World War II, Gamow did not work directly on the Manhattan Project producing the atomic bomb, in spite of his knowledge of radioactivity and nuclear fusion.

In spite of this, members of Eddie Palmieri's Conjunto la Perfecta did hear this new music over shortwave radio, inspiring them to create a similar rhythm which they also called mozambique.

In spite of Hitler's discouraging reserve, she did not abandon her efforts through all those years ".

Home-schooled by their mother as well as private tutors in the United States and Europe, in spite of their father's fluctuating finances, they did not attend a regular school until they were in their teens.