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statistics and data
* Scale analysis ( statistics ) – methods to analyse survey data by scoring responses on a numeric scale
It is also a branch of applied statistics working mostly on data collected as a by-product of doing business or by government agencies.
covers statistical study, descriptive statistics ( collection, description, analysis, and summary of data ), probability, and the binomial and normal distributions, test of hypotheses and confidence intervals, linear regression, and correlation.
Bioinformatics also deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, structural biology, software engineering, data mining, image processing, modeling and simulation, discrete mathematics, control and system theory, circuit theory, and statistics.
* the development of new algorithms ( mathematical formulas ) and statistics with which to assess relationships among members of large data sets.
In statistics, the term central tendency relates to the way in which quantitative data tend to cluster around some value.
This image understanding can be seen as the disentangling of symbolic information from image data using models constructed with the aid of geometry, physics, statistics, and learning theory.
The modern census is essential to international comparisons of any kind of statistics and censuses collect data on many attributes of the population, not just how many people they are, although population estimates remain an important function of the census.
These registers are then combined and brought up to the standard of a statistical register by comparing the data in different sources and ensuring the quality is sufficient for official statistics to be produced.
It is also plausible that the hidden nature of an administrative census means that users are not engaged with the importance of contributing their data to official statistics.
It also included “ information such as weather forecasts, farmers ' planting dates, astronomical information, and tide tables, Astronomical data and various statistics, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, lists of all types, timelines, and more .” Mather had within the text of the Almanac the positions and motions of these celestial bodies, which he must have calculated by hand.
Descriptive statistics is the discipline of quantitatively describing the main features of a collection of data.
Descriptive statistics are distinguished from inferential statistics ( or inductive statistics ), in that descriptive statistics aim to summarize a sample, rather than use the data to learn about the population that the sample of data is thought to represent.
Even when a data analysis draws its main conclusions using inferential statistics, descriptive statistics are generally also presented.
The use of descriptive and summary statistics has an extensive history and, indeed, the simple tabulation of populations and of economic data was the first way in which the topic of statistics appeared.
Among the kinds of data that national leaders need are the demographic statistics of their population.

statistics and sets
The parallel algorithm below illustrates how to merge multiple sets of statistics calculated online.
As a mathematical foundation for statistics, probability theory is essential to many human activities that involve quantitative analysis of large sets of data.
Three sets of demographic statistics are useful to governments and others concerned with their nations ’ political and economic stability.
Data mining ( the analysis step of the " Knowledge Discovery in Databases " process, or KDD ), is a field at the intersection of computer science and statistics, is the process that attempts to discover patterns in large data sets.
It bridges the gap from applied statistics and artificial intelligence ( which usually provide the mathematical background ) to database management by exploiting the way data is stored and indexed in databases to execute the actual learning and discovery algorithms more efficiently, allowing such methods to be applied to ever larger data sets.
The front end can handle multiple users, each with their own graph sets, so it is sometimes used by web hosting providers ( especially dedicated server, virtual private server, and collocation providers ) to display bandwidth statistics for their customers.
In statistics, dependence refers to any statistical relationship between two random variables or two sets of data.
Naive interpretation of statistics derived from data sets that include outliers may be misleading.
It is known that a randomly generated periodic task system will meet all deadlines when the utilization is 85 % or less, however this fact depends on knowing the exact task statistics ( periods, deadlines ) which cannot be guaranteed for all task sets.
The National Statistician, Dame Karen Dunnell, stated that legislation would help improve public trust in official statistics although the ONS already acts independently according to its own published guidelines, the National Statistics Code of Practice, which sets out the key principles and standards that official statisticians, including those in other parts of the government statistical service, are expected to follow and uphold.
However the plan to discontinue all remaining statistical activity in London is proving controversial amid claims that the shift of functions from London and the impending closure of the London office could have serious implications for the future of certain particular sets of statistics.
In statistics, exploratory data analysis ( EDA ) is an approach to analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics in easy-to-understand form, often with visual graphs, without using a statistical model or having formulated a hypothesis.
This was a critical post in an authority with one of the worst sets of housing statistics in London and in a period when London Boroughs were expected to be housing providers and managers.
" The field is multidisciplinary in character ; one of the various proposals for public administration's sub-fields sets out six pillars, including human resources, organizational theory, policy analysis and statistics, budgeting, and ethics.
Therefore, numerous sets of statistics should be interpreted to get an idea of a trend.
English may be taken as English Language, English Literature or English Lang & Lit ; in Chemistry, students may follow either the London or the Salters syllabus ; in accordance with the OCR syllabus, Mathematics students choose between statistics and mechanics courses, though fast-streamed Mathematics sets and Double Mathematicians take modules in both.
Test sets are used in artificial intelligence, machine learning, genetic programming and statistics.
In statistics, the generalized canonical correlation analysis ( gCCA ), is a way of making sense of cross-correlation matrices between the sets of random variables when there are more than two sets.
However, there are multiple sets of game statistics for the four principals of the TV series, to reflect their advancement over the course of the story.
Training sets are used in artificial intelligence, machine learning, genetic programming, intelligent systems, and statistics.
This is the newest approach in data mapping and involves simultaneously evaluating actual data values in two data sources using heuristics and statistics to automatically discover complex mappings between two data sets.
These included quick scene and set changes ; flexibility of stage space, using many levels, rolling and hand-carried scenery, and scrims to establish a multitude of locations without elaborate constructed sets ; projection of settings, statistics, and film ; shadowplay ; sound effects and full musical scores ; the use of a loudspeaker to narrate and comment on the action ; and abrupt blackouts and harsh spotlights.

statistics and usually
However, in statistics, these terms are usually used for controlled experiments.
As invoked in everyday life, the " law " usually reflects bad statistics or wishful thinking rather than any mathematical principle.
The term " neural network " usually refers to models employed in statistics, cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence.
Some take this concept further by creating E-feds ( electronic federations ), where a user can create their own fictional wrestling character, and roleplaying storylines with other users, leading to scheduled " shows " where match results are determined by the organizers, usually based on a combination of the characters ' statistics and the players ' roleplaying aptitude, sometimes with audience voting.
Because of its empirical roots and its focus on applications, statistics is usually considered to be a distinct mathematical science rather than a branch of mathematics.
In addition, those who are of working age but are currently in full-time education are usually not considered unemployed in government statistics.
However, in contrast to vital statistics data, which are typically collected continuously and summarized on an annual basis, censuses typically occur only every 10 years or so, and thus are not usually the best source of data on births and deaths.
Translation statistics usually count the words and estimate the amount of repetition in the text.
Some efforts have also been made to promote guinea pig husbandry in developing countries of West Africa, where they occur more widely than generally known because they are usually not covered by livestock statistics.
While there is little question of the historical significance of that goal, Henderson's NHL statistics are not at a level comparable to those players usually selected for induction.
There is usually a county registrar, recorder, or clerk ( the exact title varies ) who collects vital statistics, holds elections ( sometimes in coordination with a separate elections office or commission ), and prepares or processes certificates of births, deaths, marriages, and dissolutions ( divorce decrees ).
Such an event usually increases the character's statistics, such as health points and strength, and may permit the character to acquire new abilities or improve existing ones.
A related concept in statistics is that of a dummy variable ( this must not be confused with " dummy variables " as that term is usually used in mathematics, also called a bound variable ).
The comparison of violent crime statistics between countries is usually problematic, due to the way different countries classify crime.
A trading card ( or collectible card ) is a small card, usually made out of paperboard or thick paper, which usually contains an image of a certain person, place or thing ( fictional or real ) and a short description of the picture, along with other text ( attacks, statistics, or trivia ).
Also, even when self-organization is clearly present, attempts at explaining it through physics or statistics are usually criticized as reductionistic.
World gazetteers usually consist of an alphabetical listing of countries, with pertinent statistics for each one, with some gazetteers listing information on individual cities, towns, villages, and other settlements of varying sizes.
In baseball statistics, the term save is used to indicate the successful maintenance of a lead by a relief pitcher, usually the closer, until the end of the game.
Rocket scientists were usually trained in applied mathematics, statistics or finance ; and spent their entire careers in risk-taking.
* Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, a computational statistics conference held annually, usually in Canada
It is commonly and usually used in the field of statistics in place of saying " for each person " or " per person ".
A core curriculum of a typical MPA program usually includes courses on microeconomics, public finance, research methods / statistics, policy process and policy analysis, public financial management, managerial accounting, ethics, public management, leadership, planning & Geographic

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