The term " arithmetic mean " is preferred in mathematics and statistics because it helps distinguish it from other means such as the geometric and harmonic mean.

In statistics, the term central tendency relates to the way in which quantitative data tend to cluster around some value.

The term Greater London was used well before 1965, particularly to refer to the area covered by the Metropolitan Police District ( such as in the 1901 census ), the area of the Metropolitan Water Board ( favoured by the London County Council for statistics ), the London Passenger Transport Area and the area defined by the Registrar General as the Greater London Conurbation.

In statistics, the term linear model is used in different ways according to the context.

The term " neural network " usually refers to models employed in statistics, cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence.

When either randomness or uncertainty modeled by probability theory is attributed to such errors, they are " errors " in the sense in which that term is used in statistics ; see errors and residuals in statistics.

It was Gibbs who coined the term " statistical mechanics " to identify the branch of theoretical physics that accounts for the observed thermodynamic properties of systems in terms of the statistics of large ensembles of particles.

The term is a buzzword, and is frequently misused to mean any form of large-scale data or information processing ( collection, extraction, warehousing, analysis, and statistics ) but is also generalized to any kind of computer decision support system, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and business intelligence.

Uncertainty is a term used in subtly different ways in a number of fields, including physics, philosophy, statistics, economics, finance, insurance, psychology, sociology, engineering, and information science.

The tables conclude with term statistics and concordance data.

the electrons ( obeying Fermi-Dirac statistics, the term degenerate was not yet in use )

In statistics, the term chi-squared or has various uses, including the chi-squared distribution, the chi-squared test, and chi-squared target models.

Filter design is the process of designing a filter ( in the sense in which the term is used in signal processing, statistics, and applied mathematics ), often a linear shift-invariant filter, that satisfies a set of requirements, some of which are contradictory.

When Auguste Comte discovered that Quetelet had appropriated the term ' social physics ', which Comte had originally introduced, Comte found it necessary to invent the term ' sociologie ' ( sociology ) because he disagreed with Quetelet's collection of statistics.

In statistics, an interaction is a term in a statistical model in which the effect of two, or more, variables is not simply additive.

In statistics the term categorical variable is used rather than enumeration.

* Exploratory data analysis, a term used in statistics

In statistics, the term non-parametric statistics has at least two different meanings:

** West Indies cricket team, a term used in cricket statistics

Over the term of the 1999-2008 Labour government, social statistics for Maori and Pacific islanders did generally improve, however the statistics for white New Zealanders showed a greater improvement, resulting in the ' gaps ' actually increasing.

However, the statistical offices of both governments were assigned responsibility for the planning and analysis of these statistics.

In statistics, analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) is a collection of statistical models, and their associated procedures, in which the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation.

* Scale analysis ( statistics ) – methods to analyse survey data by scoring responses on a numeric scale

Business statistics is the science of good decision making in the face of uncertainty and is used in many disciplines such as financial analysis, econometrics, auditing, production and operations including services improvement, and marketing research.

covers statistical study, descriptive statistics ( collection, description, analysis, and summary of data ), probability, and the binomial and normal distributions, test of hypotheses and confidence intervals, linear regression, and correlation.

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (;, ) ( 30 April 177723 February 1855 ) was a German mathematician and physical scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy and optics.

Even when a data analysis draws its main conclusions using inferential statistics, descriptive statistics are generally also presented.

However the general concept of linear filtering is broader, also used in statistics, data analysis, and mechanical engineering among other fields and technologies.

Using techniques from science, engineering and statistics, such as the systematic review of medical literature, meta-analysis, risk-benefit analysis, and randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ), EBM aims for the ideal that healthcare professionals should make " conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence " in their everyday practice.

General semantics ' view of " time-binding " and modern theories of scenario analysis and financial risk ( based on statistics ) emphasize a need to keep time frames of measurement and analysis carefully aligned.

Functional programming is also supported in some domain-specific programming languages like R ( statistics ), Mathematica ( symbolic math ), J, K and Q from Kx Systems ( financial analysis ), XQuery / XSLT ( XML ) and Opal.

Fourier analysis has many scientific applications – in physics, partial differential equations, number theory, combinatorics, signal processing, imaging, probability theory, statistics, option pricing, cryptography, numerical analysis, acoustics, oceanography, sonar, optics, diffraction, geometry, protein structure analysis and other areas.

Quantitative methods used in I – O psychology include both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics ( e. g., correlation, multiple regression, and analysis of variance ).

* In statistics, Wilks's lambda is used in multivariate analysis of variance ( MANOVA analysis ) to compare group means on a combination of dependent variables.

Mathematicians do research in fields such as logic, set theory, category theory, abstract algebra, number theory, analysis, geometry, topology, dynamical systems, combinatorics, game theory, information theory, numerical analysis, optimization, computation, probability and statistics.

As well as statistics, means are often used in geometry and analysis ; a wide range of means have been developed for these purposes, which are not much used in statistics.

Notably, for skewed distributions, the arithmetic mean may not accord with one's notion of " middle ", and robust statistics such as the median may be a better description of central tendency.

" For pitchers, wins, ERA, and strikeouts are the most often-cited statistics, and a pitcher leading his league in these statistics may be referred to as a " Triple Crown " winner ( but normally he has won the Cy Young Award ).

All of the above statistics may be used in certain game situations.

In larger universities where both a statistics and a biostatistics department exist, the degree of integration between the two departments may range from the bare minimum to very close collaboration.

In general, the difference between a statistics program and a biostatistics program is twofold: ( i ) statistics departments will often host theoretical / methodological research which are less common in biostatistics programs and ( ii ) statistics departments have lines of research that may include biomedical applications but also other areas such as industry ( quality control ), business and economics and biological areas other than medicine.

Such summaries may be either quantitative, i. e. summary statistics, or visual, i. e. simple-to-understand graphs.

When a sample consists of more than one variable, descriptive statistics may be used to describe the relationship between pairs of variables.

Official unemployment remains high at 31. 2 %, but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20 % and 45 % of GDP, that is not captured by official statistics.

The practical implementation of multivariate statistics to a particular problem may involve several types of univariate and multivariate analysis in order to understand the relationships between variables and their relevance to the actual problem being studied.

Using statistics collected from tens of thousands of coincidence events, a set of simultaneous equations for the total activity of each parcel of tissue along many LORs can be solved by a number of techniques, and, thus, a map of radioactivities as a function of location for parcels or bits of tissue ( also called voxels ) may be constructed and plotted.

While these statistics may be accurate, and can show trends, it's inappropriate in most countries to assume that because a particular race has a high crime or low literacy rate, that the entire race of people are inherent criminals, or inherently unintelligent.

In Champions Online, a MMORPG for the PC, a character may use a " retcon " item to reset the statistics and powers of their superhero character.

In addition, patterns in the data may be modeled in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations, and are then used for drawing inferences about the process or population being studied ; this is called inferential statistics.

* Non-parametric: The assumptions made about the process generating the data are much less than in parametric statistics and may be minimal.

Since not all unemployment may be " open " and counted by government agencies, official statistics on unemployment may not be accurate.

The great body of available statistics show us that the deviations of a human measurement from its mean follow very closely the Normal Law of Errors, and, therefore, that the variability may be uniformly measured by the standard deviation corresponding to the square root of the mean square error.

Americans also use " toilet paper " for industrial purposes such as oil filters, which may distort the usage statistics.

Instead of ceremonial detail they offer statistics ( which may or may not be wildly inflated ) and lessons in virtue.