Birger, thus most likely born at the time for the Battle of Gestilren in 1210 and named after Birger Brosa, one of the most potent men of the era who died in 1202, started his career in the mid 1230s by marrying Ingeborg Eriksdotter, the sister of King Eric XI of Sweden according to the Eric's Chronicle ( Erikskrönikan ) in fierce rivalry with other suitors.

The first ruler of Epirus to receive the title of Despot was Michael II in the 1230s ( from Manuel of Thessalonica ), and then again, as a sign of submission and vassalage, from the Nicaean emperor John III Vatatzes.

In the 1230s, Pope Gregory IX responded to the failures of the episcopal inquisition with a series of papal bulls which became the papal inquisition.

On the collapse of Almohad rule in the 1230s Tlemcen became the capital of one of three successor states, the ( Ziyyanid ) kingdom of Tlemcen ( 1236-1554 ) and was ruled for centuries by successive Ziyyanid sultans.

The Lord Chancellors of the time were clergymen with little interest in judicial or fiscal matters ; as a result, the clerk became more independent from the Chancellor and, by the 1230s, became a royal appointment holding the seal independently of the Lord Chancellor, known as the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

On the collapse of the Almohad rule in the 1230s, the kingdom of Tlemcen became independent under the rule of the Zayyanids.

In the wake of the Mongol invasions of the 1230s, Volga Bulgaria was absorbed by the Golden Horde and its population evolved into the modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars.

In the 1230s, the Ayyubid rulers of Syria attempted to assert their independence from Egypt and remained divided until Egyptian Sultan as-Salih Ayyub restored Ayyubid unity by taking over most of Syria, excluding Aleppo, by 1247.

Brief Muslim accounts and the one eye witness account of Dharmasmavim in wake of the conquest during the 1230s talks about abandoned viharas being used as camps by the Turukshahs.

Sordello ( 1220s – 1230s ) has been praised by such later poets as Dante Alighieri, Robert Browning, Oscar Wilde, and Ezra Pound.

Dolbadarn Castle was built in either the 1220s or the 1230s by Llywelyn the Great, at the base of the Llanberis Pass, overlooking the lake of Llyn Padarn in North Wales.

In the 1230s the city was sieged and ravaged by different Rus ' princes several times.

Nearly a century later in the 1230s invading Norse forces took Rothesay Castle, hacking through the walls with their axes.

He extended his domain into regions southeast of Lithuania proper during the 1230s and 1240s.

During the 1230s and 1240s, Mindaugas strengthened and established his power in various Baltic and Slavic lands.

During the 1230s, a city wall was built, enclosing 38 hectares, when the earliest stone houses on the Rennweg were built as well.

After reaching its apogee in the 1230s, Bulgaria started to decline due to a number of factors, most notably its geographic position which rendered it vulnerable to simultaneous attacks and invasions from many sides.

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth's consort, Joan, Lady of Wales, used that title in the 1230s ; Isabella de Braose and Elizabeth Ferrers were likewise married to princes of Wales, but it is not known if they assumed a title in light of their husbands ' status.

He also wrote a number of theological works including the influential Hexaëmeron in the 1230s.

West Looe was given free borough status sometime after this ( the first known historical mention of the town dates from 1327 ) and in the 1230s East Looe gained the right to hold a weekly market and a Michaelmas fair.

The relationship between Haakon and Skule nevertheless deteriorated further during the 1230s, and attempts of settlements at meetings in 1233 and 1236 only distanced them more from each other.

Wendover wrote in the 1230s and was not a monk of Canterbury, therefore it is unlikely he has recorded a true account.

By the 1230s, Constantinople-even with its drastically reduced population-was facing a major shortage of basic foodstuffs.

Villard de Honnecourt, in his 1230s sketchbook, show plans for animal automata and an angel that perpetually turns to face the sun.

In the mid 1230s Walter de Lacy accumulated several thousand pounds of debt so that in 1238 he gave Ludlow Castle to the king.

Although the stone castle was begun in the 1230s, there were three main building phases plus several periods of remodelling.

A chapel to St Laurence O ' Toole was added in the 13th century and much of the extant nave was built in the 1230s.

In the 1230s, a large exonarthex was added.

The frescoes in Radoslav's narthex and the pareclesions originate from the 1230s and display a close relation to the painting style of the main church.

From the 1230s on, Peter preached against heresy, and especially Catharism, which had many adherents in thirteenth-century Northern Italy.

It was probably erected in the 1230s, between 1232 and 1235 under the orders of William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby.

The tracery and delicate decoration is a sophisticated example of Gothic architecture, probably dating from the 1230s.

Ramsey has stoked up Harry Truman, Henry Cabot Lodge, the King of Morocco, Clement Atlee and other shiny characters.

The Church of England ( which until the 20th century included the Church in Wales ) initially separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1538 in the reign of King Henry VIII, reunited in 1555 under Queen Mary I and then separated again in 1570 under Queen Elizabeth I ( the Roman Catholic Church excommunicated Elizabeth I in 1570 in response to the Act of Supremacy 1559 ).

Azincourt is famous as being near the site of the battle fought on 25 October 1415 in which the army led by King Henry V of England defeated the forces led by Charles d ' Albret on behalf of Charles VI of France, which has gone down in English history as the Battle of Agincourt.

The museum building is shaped like a longbow similar to those used at the battle by archers under King Henry.

* 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned as junior king and queen of England.

* 1593 – Pierre Barrière fails in his attempt to assassinate King Henry IV of France.

" This title hails back to England's separation from the See of Rome, when King Henry, as supreme head of the newly independent church, took over all of the monasteries, mainly for their possessions, except for St. Benet, which he spared because the abbot and his monks possessed no wealth, and lived like simple beggars, disposing the incumbent Bishop of Norwich and seating the abbot in his place, thus the dual title still held to this day.

* 1503 – King James IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland.

* 1513 – Battle of Guinegate ( Battle of the Spurs ) – King Henry VIII of England and his Imperial allies defeat French Forces who are then forced to retreat.

* 1572 – Marriage in Paris, France of the Huguenot King Henry IV of Navarre to Margaret of Valois, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.

He then followed the fortunes of his friend Elector Maurice of Saxony, deserted Charles, and joined the league which proposed to overthrow the Emperor by an alliance with King Henry II of France.

In 1137 Conrad III, the Hohenstaufen King of the Germans, deprived Albert's cousin and nemesis, Henry the Proud of his Saxon duchy, which was awarded to Albert if he could take it.

In 1054 King Edward sent Ealdred to Germany to obtain Emperor Henry III's help in returning Edward the Exile, son of Edmund Ironside, to England.

Alexander had married Princess Margaret of England, a daughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence, on 26 December 1251.

Afonso I ( 25 June 1109, Guimarães or Viseu – 6 December 1185, Coimbra ), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (), nicknamed " the Conqueror " (), " the Founder " () or " the Great " () by the Portuguese, and El-Bortukali (" the Portuguese ") and Ibn-Arrik (" son of Henry ", " Henriques ") by the Moors whom he fought, was the first King of Portugal.

Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy and Theresa of León, the natural daughter of King Alfonso VI of León.

Civil war between King Pedro of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastámara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.

Henry de Montherlant's French drama La Reine morte was inspired by the conflict between King Afonso and Pedro and Inês.

In 1474, King Henry IV of Castile died without a male heir.

* Alfonso of Castile, Prince of Asturias, figurehead of rebelling magnates against his brother King Henry IV of Castile.

* 1422 – King Henry V of England dies of dysentery while in France.

His son, Henry VI becomes King of England at the age of 9 months.

* 1413 – Henry V is crowned King of England.

During that time he took a great part in the campaigns and negotiations which led to the Treaty of Paris in 1259, under which King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental territory to France ( including Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Poitou ) in exchange for France withdrawing support from English rebels.