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In the 1230s, the Ayyubid rulers of Syria attempted to assert their independence from Egypt and remained divided until Egyptian Sultan as-Salih Ayyub restored Ayyubid unity by taking over most of Syria, excluding Aleppo, by 1247.
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1230s and rulers
They retained control of Kars until the late 1230s, after which it had Turkish rulers.
1230s and their
Nearly a century later in the 1230s invading Norse forces took Rothesay Castle, hacking through the walls with their axes.
Llywelyn ab Iorwerth's consort, Joan, Lady of Wales, used that title in the 1230s ; Isabella de Braose and Elizabeth Ferrers were likewise married to princes of Wales, but it is not known if they assumed a title in light of their husbands ' status.
The surviving texts were written in their final form from the 1230s to the 1250s.
1230s and from
The Medieval Inquisition is a series of Inquisitions ( Catholic Church bodies charged with suppressing heresy ) from around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition ( 1184-1230s ) and later the Papal Inquisition ( 1230s ).
After reaching its apogee in the 1230s, Bulgaria started to decline due to a number of factors, most notably its geographic position which rendered it vulnerable to simultaneous attacks and invasions from many sides.
West Looe was given free borough status sometime after this ( the first known historical mention of the town dates from 1327 ) and in the 1230s East Looe gained the right to hold a weekly market and a Michaelmas fair.
The relationship between Haakon and Skule nevertheless deteriorated further during the 1230s, and attempts of settlements at meetings in 1233 and 1236 only distanced them more from each other.
The frescoes in Radoslav's narthex and the pareclesions originate from the 1230s and display a close relation to the painting style of the main church.
The tracery and delicate decoration is a sophisticated example of Gothic architecture, probably dating from the 1230s.
Beginning in the 1230s, Low-German – speaking colonists from the Holy Roman Empire began settling north and south of the Warta and Noteć Rivers upon the initiative of Pomeranian and Polish lords ; see Ostsiedlung.
Petrus de Dacia ( Latin: Peter from Denmark ) was a Swedish monk of the Dominican order who lived in Gotland from the 1230s to 1289.
The first ruler of Epirus to receive the title of Despot was Michael II in the 1230s ( from Manuel of Thessalonica ), and then again, as a sign of submission and vassalage, from the Nicaean emperor John III Vatatzes.
The Lord Chancellors of the time were clergymen with little interest in judicial or fiscal matters ; as a result, the clerk became more independent from the Chancellor and, by the 1230s, became a royal appointment holding the seal independently of the Lord Chancellor, known as the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Walter de Merton ( Lord Chancellor, Bishop of Rochester, and founder of Merton College, Oxford ) took his name from the Priory, having been educated there in the 1230s.
1230s and until
The Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan held it up until the Norman invasion of Connacht in the 1230s.
1230s and by
In the wake of the Mongol invasions of the 1230s, Volga Bulgaria was absorbed by the Golden Horde and its population evolved into the modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars.
In the 1230s King Henry III became attached to the cult of Saint Edward, and he commissioned a new life by Matthew Paris.
Birger, thus most likely born at the time for the Battle of Gestilren in 1210 and named after Birger Brosa, one of the most potent men of the era who died in 1202, started his career in the mid 1230s by marrying Ingeborg Eriksdotter, the sister of King Eric XI of Sweden according to the Eric's Chronicle ( Erikskrönikan ) in fierce rivalry with other suitors.
On the collapse of Almohad rule in the 1230s Tlemcen became the capital of one of three successor states, the ( Ziyyanid ) kingdom of Tlemcen ( 1236-1554 ) and was ruled for centuries by successive Ziyyanid sultans.
Brief Muslim accounts and the one eye witness account of Dharmasmavim in wake of the conquest during the 1230s talks about abandoned viharas being used as camps by the Turukshahs.
Sordello ( 1220s – 1230s ) has been praised by such later poets as Dante Alighieri, Robert Browning, Oscar Wilde, and Ezra Pound.
Dolbadarn Castle was built in either the 1220s or the 1230s by Llywelyn the Great, at the base of the Llanberis Pass, overlooking the lake of Llyn Padarn in North Wales.
In the 1230s the city was sieged and ravaged by different Rus ' princes several times.
1230s and over
In the 1230s, in order to settle with Alice, Theobald IV had to sell his overlordship over the counties of Blois, Sancerre, and Châteaudun to Louis IX of France.
The Rayonnant solution to this, as employed to brilliant effect in the 1230s nave of the Abbey Church of St Denis, was to use double-pitched roofs over the aisles, with hidden gutters to drain off the rain-water.
1230s and .
In the 1230s, Pope Gregory IX responded to the failures of the episcopal inquisition with a series of papal bulls which became the papal inquisition.
He extended his domain into regions southeast of Lithuania proper during the 1230s and 1240s.
During the 1230s and 1240s, Mindaugas strengthened and established his power in various Baltic and Slavic lands.
During the 1230s, a city wall was built, enclosing 38 hectares, when the earliest stone houses on the Rennweg were built as well.
He also wrote a number of theological works including the influential Hexaëmeron in the 1230s.
Wendover wrote in the 1230s and was not a monk of Canterbury, therefore it is unlikely he has recorded a true account.
By the 1230s, Constantinople-even with its drastically reduced population-was facing a major shortage of basic foodstuffs.
Villard de Honnecourt, in his 1230s sketchbook, show plans for animal automata and an angel that perpetually turns to face the sun.
In the mid 1230s Walter de Lacy accumulated several thousand pounds of debt so that in 1238 he gave Ludlow Castle to the king.
Although the stone castle was begun in the 1230s, there were three main building phases plus several periods of remodelling.
A chapel to St Laurence O ' Toole was added in the 13th century and much of the extant nave was built in the 1230s.
In the 1230s, a large exonarthex was added.
From the 1230s on, Peter preached against heresy, and especially Catharism, which had many adherents in thirteenth-century Northern Italy.
It was probably erected in the 1230s, between 1232 and 1235 under the orders of William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby.
Ayyubid and rulers
Earlier coinage necessarily featured Arabic epigraphs, but as Ayyubid society became more cosmopolitan and multi-ethnic, coinage began to feature astrological, figural ( featuring a variety of Greek, Seleucid, Byzantine, Sasanian, and contemporary Turkish rulers ' busts ), and animal images.
This effectively ended Ayyubid power in Egypt and a number of attempts by the rulers of Syria, led by an-Nasir Yusuf of Aleppo, to recover it failed.
It was a common occurrence for the mothers of young Ayyubid rulers to act as independent powers or in a few cases, rulers in their own right.
Being well-educated themselves, the Ayyubid rulers became munificent patrons of learning and educational activity.
* List of Ayyubid rulers
Like his father before him, he served as chief engineer at the Artuklu Palace, the residence of the Mardin branch of the Turkish Artuqid dynasty which ruled across eastern Anatolia as vassals of the Zangid rulers of Mosul and later Ayyubid general Saladin.
Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid Dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517.
The coming of the Slave Army of the Mamluks in 1260, replacing the short lived late Muslim Ayyubid rulers ( 1244 – 1260 ) had little effect on the Armenians but great effect on the other Christian communities, many of whom were viewed as being part of the Crusader mentality.
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