There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.

In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.

Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.

Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:

As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.

Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC

A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.

Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.

He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.

In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

The idea has also some backing in German legend, for example the Gesta Treverorum ( a 12th century German medieval chronicle ) makes Trebeta son of Ninus the founder of Trier.

This legend of Trebeta as having founded Trier is also found in Godfrey of Viterbo's Pantheon ( 1185 ) and several other German chronicles of the 12th or 13th century, including the works of Sigebert of Gembloux.

The 12th century German monk Theophilus described how preheated crucibles were one sixth filled with powdered calamine and charcoal then topped up with copper and charcoal before being melted, stirred then filled again.

Italian submarines participated in the Battle of the Atlantic from this base which was also a major base for German U-boats as headquarters of 12th U-boat Flotilla.

Middle High German proper runs from the beginning of the 12th century.

In the second half of the 12th century, there was a sudden intensification of activity, leading to a 60-year " golden age " of medieval German literature referred to as the mittelhochdeutsche Blütezeit ( 1170 – 1230 ).

* Chassidei Ashkenaz, ascetic German mystical-ethical pietists of the 12th and 13th centuries

* 1876 – Hermann Müller, German politician, 12th Chancellor of Germany ( d. 1931 )

That is why it is sometimes compared to the Tosafot – discussions of Babylonian gemara by French and German scholars of the 12th – 13th centuries.

From 12th to 14th century, large numbers of Germans and Flemings settled the area ( Ostsiedlung ), importing German law and improved agricultural techniques.

Since the 12th century, the territory has remained stable and relatively independent of its neighbours ; one of the few German territories for which this is true.

From 968 until the Protestant Reformation, Merseburg was the seat of the bishop of Merseburg, and in addition to being for a time the residence of the margraves of Meissen, it was a favorite residence of the German kings during the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries.

The Northern Crusades provided a rationale for the growth and expansion of the Teutonic Order of German crusading knights which had been founded in Palestine at the end of the 12th century.

The language may have also spoken much further east and south in what became Polesia and part of Podlasia with the conquests by Rus and Poles starting in the 10th century and by the German colonisation of the area which began in the 12th century.

From 12th to 14th century, German colonists were called into the Wend lands and settled there in large numbers, transforming the area from a Slavic to a Germanic culture.

The Danish work may simply be a translation of a German work which is in turn assumed to have been based on a Latin or Romance vernacular manuscript from the 12th century or even earlier.

After the 12th century, the territory remained stable and relatively independent of its neighbours ; one of the few German territories for which this is true.

The German High Command aimed to launch the offensive ( codename Gericht, " Judgment ") on the 12th of February ; however, fog, heavy rain and high winds delayed the offensive for a week.

To the south, the U. S. 12th Army Group under Lieutenant General Omar Bradley was nearing the German border and had been ordered to orient on the Aachen gap with Lieutenant General Courtney Hodges ' U. S. First Army, in support of Montgomery's advance on the Ruhr.

Even though the term " courtly love " does appear only in just one extant Provençal poem ( as cortez amors in a late 12th century lyric by Peire d ' Alvernhe ), it is closely related to the term fin ' amor (" fine love ") which does appear frequently in Provençal and French, as well as German translated as hohe Minne.

The author describes the history of German settlements in Central and Eastern Europe since the 12th century, the impact of the Treaties of Versailles and St. Germain on German minorities left in Poland and Czechoslovakia, the failure of the League of Nations system of minority protection, the outbreak of World War II and crimes committed by the Nazis, followed by the fate of the refugees from the former Eastern parts of Germany ( Silesia, East Prussia, Pomerania, East Brandenburg ), as well as the fate of German minorities in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union.

The museum is situated in a Benedictine church of the 12th century.

Like most medieval monarchs, he founded several churches and monasteries most important of which are the monastery of Canons regular of St. Augustinein Trzemeszno, founded in the 12th century, and a Benedictine monastery of Holy Cross atop the Łysa Góra which was founded in place of an ancient pagan temple.

* Theodoric the Monk ( 12th century ), Norwegian Benedictine

The character of Cadfael himself is a Welsh Benedictine monk living at Shrewsbury Abbey, in western England, in the first half of the 12th century.

The Church of St. Mary stands at the end of Stryd yr Eglwys ( Church Street ) this was originally the chapel of a Benedictine monastery and parts of the building date from the 12th century.

Built by Benedictine monks in the 12th century, it was totally restored in the 16th century under the direction of Giorgio Vasari.

* Bernard of Cluny, 12th century Benedictine monk

Ewenny Priory, in Ewenny in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, was a monastery of the Benedictine order, founded in the 12th century.

On the island are the ruins of the priory of St. Mary which is believed to have been established by Benedictine monks in the 12th century.

Theobald entered the Abbey of Bec in Normandy as a Benedictine monk in the late 11th or early 12th century, while William was the third abbot.

With the fall of the Roman Empire the islands were completely abandoned until the 12th century, when he was chosen by Benedictine monks founded small communities there.

Nuneaton's name came from a 12th century Benedictine nunnery ( parts of which still survive ) around which much of the town grew.

The parish church of St Mary originated as part of the Benedictine priory founded by Richard de Clare in the 12th century.

A Benedictine priory existed in West Bromwich from the 12th century around which the settlement of Broomwich Heath grew.

* Thomas of Monmouth, 12th century Benedictine monch, author of an anti-semitic polemic

These include ; the Cluniac Priory of Rüeggisberg ( Lords of Rümligen in 1072 ), Münchenwiler ( Wiler family in 1080 ), St. Peter's Island ( Count of Hochburgund-Mâcon in the late 11th century ), Hettiswil ( 1107 ), Röthenbach im Emmental ( Lords of Rümligen or Signau ), the Benedictine monastery at St. Johannsen in Erlach ( Fenis family in 1100 ), Trub ( Lords of Lützelflüh before 1130 ) and Rüegsau ( possibly also the Lords of Lützelflüh in first half of the 12th century ), the Augustinian Collegiate church in Interlaken ( Oberhofen family in 1130 ) and the Cistercian Frienisberg Abbey ( Count Saugern around 1130 ).

An important market town, Alcester was the site of a Benedictine monastery founded in the middle of the 12th century by Ralph le Boteler.

During the 11th and 12th century, in the books of genealogy, the Bragançãos family of Castro de Avelãs ( at the time the seat of the Benedictine monastery ) dominated Bragança, its abbot Mendo Alãm, who later married Princess Ardzrouri of Armenia ( who passed through the region on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, originated the hereditary line.

A Benedictine priory was founded in the first half of the 12th Century in Nyon.

Sandwell Valley Country Park was once the site of Sandwell Priory, a 12th century Benedictine monastery which itself was founded on the site of an earlier hermitage.

Between the 12th and the 18th century, an important Benedictine abbey was built in Gif.

The first western philosopher to articulate a complete theory of sex complementarity was Hildegard of Bingen, a 12th century Benedictine nun.

12th century ) was a well-known goldsmith and metalwork artist, and also a Benedictine monk.

* Benedictine Palace Museum: Objects of religious art from the 12th – 18th century ( some of the collection originates from the former abbey ); 14th – 18th century metalwork ; Benedictine liquor manufacturing equipment for distillation etc.