The Norse discovery was documented in the 13th century Icelandic Sagas and was corroborated by recent L ' Anse aux Meadows archeological evidence.

Earlier than 900 CE progressing past the 13th century, the population complexes were a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples.

In marked contrast to earlier constructions and villages on top of the mesas, the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde reflected a region-wide trend towards the aggregation of growing regional populations into close, highly defensible quarters during the 13th century.

Near Kayenta, Arizona, Jonathan Haas of the Field Museum in Chicago has been studying a group of Ancient Pueblo villages that relocated from the canyons to the high mesa tops during the late 13th century.

He asserts that isolated communities relied on raiding for food and supplies, and that internal conflict and warfare became common in the 13th century.

In the 13th century, Ibn al-Nafis wrote his own novel Fadil ibn Natiq, known as Theologus Autodidactus in the West, as a critical response to Hayy ibn Yaqdhan.

When the great reform of the 11th century had put an end to the direct jurisdiction of the lay abbots, the honorary title of abbot continued to be held by certain of the great feudal families, as late as the 13th century and later, the actual head of the community retaining that of dean.

These ideas were found in a number of Kabbalistic works from the 13th century, and also among many mystics in the late 16th century.

The primary sources regarding Asgard come from the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Icelandic Snorri Sturluson, and the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from a basis of much older Skaldic poetry.

Snorri's interpretation of the 13th century foreshadows 20th century views of Indo-European migration from the east.

* Wikisource: Prose Edda / Gylfaginning ( The Fooling Of Gylfe ) by Sturluson, Snorri, 13th century Edda, in English.

The pair are attested in both the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.

His family, like many Wallaces, claimed a connection to William Wallace, a Scottish patriot and leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 13th century.

Active contact between the Wajin ( the ethnically Japanese ) and the Ainu of Ezochi ( now known as Hokkaido ) began in the 13th century.

A rare High Medieval image of Alfred, 13th century

Dante Alighieri, in the Divine Comedy, recounts that he saw Alfonso's spirit seated outside the gates of Purgatory with the other monarchs whom Dante blamed for the chaotic political state of Europe during the 13th century.

Layamon added to the story when he adapted Wace's work into the Middle English Brut in the early 13th century, saying that the quarrel between Arthur's vassals led to violence at a Yuletide feast.

* Saint Lucia's Day, a Nordic feast day celebrated on December 13th

About the 13th century, however, the cult of St. Monica began to spread and a feast in her honour was kept on 4 May.

In the 13th century the patronage was attributed to one of the several saints by the name of Magnus who share a feast day on 19 August, probably St Magnus of Anagni ( bishop and martyr, who was slain in the persecution of the Emperor Decius in the middle of the 3rd century ).

Saint Lucia's Day ( sometimes Lucy for short ) is the Church feast day dedicated to Saint Lucy and is observed on the 13th of December.

It is against this background that two religious orders or congregations, one of men and one of women, when founded in the Milan area during the 13th and 15th centuries, took Saint Ambrose as their patron and hence adopted his name.

In the 13th century Saint Thomas Aquinas aimed to recapture the teachings of the Church Fathers on the role of the Holy Trinity in the economy of salvation.

In the 13th century, Saint Thomas Aquinas provided the first systematic Christology that consistently resolved a number of the existing issues.

The Old Norse Bartholomeus saga postola, an account of the life of Saint Bartholomew dating from the 13th century, mentions a " Queen Hel.

Reliquary of Saint Louis ( end 13th c .) Basilica of Saint Dominic, Bologna, Italy

The Arabs lost sight of Aristotle's political science but continued to study Plato's Republic which became the basic text of Judeo-Islamic political philosophy as in the works of Alfarabi and Averroes ; this did not happen in the Christian world, where Aristotle's Politics was translated in the 13th century and became the basic text as in the works of Saint Thomas Aquinas.

By at least the 13th century, he had become identified with the Irish Saint Ciarán of Saighir who founded the monastery at Seir-Kieran ( Saighir ) in County Offaly.

During the Crusades, the " Franks " ( Catholic Western Europeans ) settled it, while in the 13th century AD, the Venetians annexed the isle to the Duchy of Naxos and renamed it " Santorini ", that is " Saint Irene ".

An early use of the Old Russian word is in the anti-pagan treatise " Word of Saint Grigoriy ", dated variously to the 11th – 13th centuries, where pagan worship of upyri is reported.

Its farming activity and its location on the road from Paris to Dreux and Normandy brought prosperity to the village, culminating in the end of the 13th century, the so-called " century of Saint Louis ", famous for the prosperity of northern France and the building of Gothic cathedrals.

Edmund Rich ( also known as Saint Edmund or Eadmund of Canterbury, and as Saint Edmund of Abingdon ) ( 1175 – 1240 ) was a 13th century Archbishop of Canterbury in England.

Without copying any one historical model, and without compromising its authentic stone-on-stone construction by using modern steel girders, Saint John the Divine is an example of the 13th century High Gothic style of northern France.

Saint Blaise confronting the Roman governor ( 13th century )

The influence of the Cistercian order grew very rapidly, owing much to Saint Bernard, and at the beginning of the 13th century the order had more than 500 houses.

The College was founded on the site of the 13th century Hospital of St John in Cambridge at the suggestion of Saint John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester and chaplain to Lady Margaret.

The Saint Remi Basilica dates from the 11th, 12th, 13th and 15th centuries.

* Nicholas II of Saint Omer ( 13th century )

Besides these buildings which were part of the official structures of the bishopric ; an additional four parish churches were constructed in the city: the Jacobikerk ( dedicated to Saint James ), founded in the 11th century, with the current Gothic church dating back to the 14th century ; the Buurkerk ( Neighbourhood-church ) of the 11th century parish in the centre of the city ; Nicolaichurch ( dedicated to Saint Nicholas ), from the 12th century and the 13th century Geertekerk ( dedicated to Saint Gertrude of Nivelles ).

* The Gothic Concatedral de Santa Maria ( co-cathedral of Saint Mary ), built in the 13th century and reconstructed one century later after destruction by fire.

* The Church of Saint Quinten incorporates remains of a Romanesque church built in the 13th century.