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In the 18th century, in response to the growth of the British Empire and economic changes, institutions such as the Office of Works and the Navy Board grew large.
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18th and century
In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.
Wittowsky argues that not enough critics have taken the time to focus directly on the mercantilism and theories of labor in 18th century England.
At the start of a new industrial age in the 18th century, it was believed that " people are the riches of the nation ", and there was a general faith in an economy that paid its workers low wages because high wages meant workers would work less.
Louis A. Landa presents Swift ’ s A Modest Proposal as a critique of the popular and unjustified maxim of mercantilism in the 18th century that " people are the riches of a nation ".
" English borrowed the word from Spanish in the early 18th century.
After the fall of the Akkadian empire in the mid 21st century BC, the Assyrians who were the northern branch of the Akkadian people, colonised parts of the region between the 21st and mid 18th centuries BC and claimed the resources, notably silver.
Originating from Nesa, they conquered Hattusa in the 18th century BC, imposing themselves over Hattian and Hurrian speaking populations ( Hurrian was a Language Isolate and Hattian a Northwest Caucasian language ).
Thus the only member churches of the present Anglican Communion existing by the mid-18th century were the Church of England, its closely linked sister church, the Church of Ireland ( which also separated from Roman Catholicism under Henry VIII ) and the Scottish Episcopal Church which for parts of the 17th and 18th centuries was partially underground ( it was suspected of Jacobite sympathies ).
Late in the 18th century the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery ; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude.
In The Quest, Schweitzer reviewed all former work on the " historical Jesus " back to the late 18th century.
A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.
In the 18th century, Baroque Art was replaced by the more elegant and elaborate Rococo style.
Throughout the 18th century in France, a new wealthy and influential middle-class was beginning to rise, even though the royalty and nobility continued to be patrons of the arts.
Francois Boucher was the 18th century painter and engraver whose works are regarded as the perfect expression of French taste in the Rococo period.
Physiocracy was a French agrarianist philosophy that originated in the 18th century.
* Physiocrats, 18th century French thinkers
This theory was developed by the British chemist and physicist John Dalton in the 18th century.
In the 18th century the " dominant trend " in Britain, particularly in Latitudinarianism, was towards Arianism, with which the names of Samuel Clarke, Benjamin Hoadly, William Whiston and Isaac Newton are associated.
Many Christian denominations have been influenced by Arminian views, notably the Baptists ( See A History of the Baptists Third Edition by Robert G. Torbet ) in the 16th century, the Methodists, the Congregationalists of the early New England colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries and the Universalists and Unitarians in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The use of anagrams and fabricated personal names may be to circumvent restrictions on the use of real names, as happened in the 18th century when Edward Cave wanted to get around restrictions imposed on the reporting of the House of Commons.
In the 18th century, the Anadyr was described by the polar explorer Dmitry Laptev.
Up until the 18th century, amethyst was included in the cardinal, or most valuable, gemstones ( along with diamond, sapphire, ruby, and emerald ).
18th century Icelandic manuscript.
Even in the late 18th century the Abbess of Burtscheid was prevented from building a road linking her territory to the neighbouring estates of the duke of Jülich ; the city of Aachen even deployed its handful of soldiers to chase away the road-diggers.
18th and response
Although classical liberalism built on ideas that had already developed by the end of the 18th century, it advocated a specific kind of society, government and public policy as a response to the Industrial Revolution and urbanization.
Major changes occurred in response to the Enlightenment ( late 18th to early 19th century ) leading to the post-Enlightenment Jewish philosophers.
However, the administrative and religious use of Quechua was terminated when it was banned from public use in Peru in the late 18th century in response to the Túpac Amaru II rebellion – even " loyal " pro-Catholic texts such as Garcilaso de la Vega's Comentarios Reales were banned.
Having not seen any reaction from the Spanish, the 18th Vernon bombards ordered three open fire on the city, with the intention of provoking a response that he might get an idea of the defensive capacity of the Spanish.
Moreover, during the 18th century, wine and spirit production in Shiraz appears to have expanded considerably in response to the growing
From the 18th through to the 20th century ( particularly after World War 2 ) any attempt to address the special problem of the social rights of women and their specific characteristics has been seen as a mere by-product of a spiritual or psychic shock or the result of a revolutionary crisis in centers of learning or as a response to political currents and international movements.
It was a response to the banditry caused by the continuous social and political upheaval occurring from the end of the 18th century and well into the 19th.
It is often stated that Carlyle gave economics the nickname " the dismal science " as a response to the late 18th century writings of The Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, who grimly predicted that starvation would result as projected population growth exceeded the rate of increase in the food supply.
Its maximum extension in recent history, marking the advance of the glacier in response to the cooling of the Little Ice Age, was reached not earlier than the late 18th century, and more probably at the beginning of the 20th century.
A polygonal fort is a fortification in the style that evolved around the middle of the 18th century, in response to the development of explosive shells.
The Estates Theatre was built during the late 18th century in response to Enlightenment thought regarding general access to the theatre, and theatres themselves demonstrating the cultural standards of a nation.
The first example of the modern labor rights movement, though, came in response to the brutal working conditions that accompanied the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries.
In response to criticism to the effect that this is essentially the magic worldview prevalent in pre-modern Europe overcome by the scientific revolution of the 18th century ( Nanda 2003: 116 ), Hindutva authors answer that the distinction of science and pseudoscience ( or proto-science ) is Eurocentric and inapplicable to Vedic science:
18th and growth
Only in the 18th century did a steady economic and demographic growth begin, an effect of the reforms by Spain's Bourbon dynasty and a more stable situation along the frontier.
The city was the second-largest in the empire, behind only Constantinople, and, although migration was not the primary source of Cairo's growth, twenty percent of its population at the end of the 18th century consisted of religious minorities and foreigners from around the Mediterranean.
Baptist, Congregationalist and Methodist churches had appeared in Scotland in the 18th century, but did not begin significant growth until the 19th century, partly because more radical and evangelical traditions already existed within the Church of Scotland and the free churches.
As West European economic growth accelerated during the Industrial Revolution, sea trade and colonialism which had begun in the second half of the 18th century, Russia began to lag ever farther behind, creating new problems for the empire as a great power.
Beginning with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries saw the growth of the concept of the sovereign " nation-state ", which consisted of a nation controlled by a centralized system of government.
The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanisation and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe and then in other regions, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas.
Instead, France's economic growth and industrialisation process was slow and steady along the 18th and 19th centuries.
The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin.
As Tortola, and to a lesser extent Virgin Gorda, came to be settled by plantation owners, slave labour became economically essential, and there was an exponential growth in the slave population during the 18th century.
At the end of the 18th century, Thomas Malthus concluded that, if unchecked, populations would be subject to exponential growth.
The last years of the 18th century marked in the Christian Church the beginnings of growth of monasticism among Protestant denominations.
Following their joint growth in the 18th and 19th centuries, by the early 20th century the Rosary and the devotional Scapular had gained such a strong following among Catholics worldwide that the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1914 stated: " Like the Rosary, the Brown Scapular has become the badge of the devout Catholic.
Kingston ’ s growth is believed to stem from its having the only crossing between London Bridge and Staines until the beginning of the 18th century.
Whereas in the 17th century the commercial success of the Dutch had fuelled English resentment, in the late 18th century the growth of British power led to Dutch resentment.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, elm cultivars enjoyed much popularity as ornamentals in Europe by virtue of their rapid growth and variety of foliage and forms.
And it was not until the late 18th century, when growth requires the expansion of the city outside.
By the late 18th century, further growth of the library demanded more expansion space.
Brick-making and agriculture were the main industries in Yiewsley during the late 18th and 19th centuries, and the expansion of the brickworks resulted in a large growth in population.
In the 17th and 18th centuries it endured destructive fires which hampered its economic growth.
The village maintained a slow but steady growth during the second half of the 18th century.
The growth and development of Forest Hills has resulted in the loss of most of the community's 18th and 19th century dwellings.
Seven votive ships indicate the growth of shipping in the town from the 18th to the 20th century.
Further impulse was in the 18th century by the regional nobility and the construction of remarkable palaces ; in the 19th century by industrial growth and the suburban development of Uría Street ; and finally in the 20th century by administrative and commercial development.
By the 18th century, the commercial expansion of Liverpool and the increase in stage coach traffic from Chester spurred the growth of the transportation of passengers and goods across the river.
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