Byzantine-A religious art characterised by large domes, rounded arches and mosaics from the eastern Roman Empire in the 4th Century.

The most detailed account of Mangonel use is from “ Eric Marsden's translation of a text written by Ammianus Marcellius in the 4th Century AD ” describing its construction and combat usage.

Floor plan of the site in the 4th Century

During the early 4th Century, Saint Augustine restates the closely related liar paradox in Against the Academicians ( III. 13. 29 ), but without mentioning Epimenides.

File: Chinese silk, 4th Century BC. JPG | Detail of an embroidered silk gauze ritual garment.

** Mishnaic Hebrew – Post Temple Roman Era ( 1st through 4th Century CE )

According to the entries in Lampe's A Patristic Greek Lexicon, the basic terms hesychia and hesychazo appear as early as the 4th Century in such Fathers as St John Chrysostom and the Cappadocians.

While theology of the Arians was declared a heresy at the First Council of Nicea in 325 AD, the missionary work of the bishop Ulfilas converted the pagan Goths to Arian Christianity in the 4th Century.

In the 4th Century BC, Aristotle wrote his Poetics, the first play-writing manual.

File: Chinese silk, 4th Century BC. JPG | embroidered silk gauze garment from a 4th century BC tomb at Mashan, Hubei province

Around 4th Century BC, its capital moved to Pyongyang.

In India around the 3rd or 4th Century AD the Sushruta Samhita an Ayurvedic text was written.

Halmidi Inscription Replica shows Kannada script which is thought to have emerged from Ashokan Brahmi around 4th or 3rd Century BCE as Proto-Kannada

Accounts of Solon's laws by 4th Century orators like Aeschines, however, are considered unreliable for a number of reasons ;

* Nye Bevan on The Guardian's Greatest Speeches of the 20th Century site, featuring full audio of Bevan's speech at the 4th November 1956 Trafalgar Square rally against British action in Suez.

However, it is known that the god Ashur was still worshipped in Assyria as late as the 4th Century AD and it is rumoured that Ashurism was still practiced by tiny minorities in northern Assyria ( around Harran ) until the 17th Century AD.

Christianity began to take hold in the 1st Century AD and the independent Neo Assyrian states of Adiabene, Osroene and Hatra as well as the Syriac kingdom of Palmyra, were largely ruled by converts to Christianity and Judaism ( Gnostic sects such as Sabianism the still extant Mandeanism also became popular ), though native religions still existed among the populace, gods such as Ashur and Sin were still worshipped at least until the 4th century AD.

In the twilight of the Empire in the late 4th Century, examples include that of Emperor Majorian, who, with the help of Constantinople, mustered a large fleet in a failed effort to expel the Germanic invaders from their recently conquered African territories, and a defeat of an Ostrogothic fleet at Sena Gallica in the Adriatic Sea.

In 539 BCE, Persia's rulers conquered Babylon, and soon afterwards-at least by the 4th Century BCE-adopted the Babylonian method of reckoning months: 12 months each containing 30 days.

James R. Edwards ( 2009 ) argued that the 4th Century Jewish-Christian gospels preserved in citations by Jerome and others preserve material from a proto-Matthew which, if more had survived, would correspond to " L material " used in the Gospel of Luke.

His floruit cannot be dated with precision, but most likely falls within 4th Century AD.

In this he demonstrated that the document known as the Constitutum Constantini ( or " donatio Constantini " as he refers to it in his writings ), or the Donation of Constantine, could not possibly have been written in the historical era of Constantine I ( 4th Century ), as its vernacular style dated conclusively to a later era ( 8th Century ).

It was also turned into the female form Ἀχιλλεία ( Achilleía ) attested in Attica in the 4th century BC ( IG II² 1617 ) and, in the form Achillia, on a stele in Halicarnassus as the name of a female gladiator fighting an " Amazon ".

In the 4th century BC Alexander the Great conquered the peninsula, defeating the Persians.

In the latter part of the 4th century BC, the Macedonian Greek king Alexander the Great conquered the peninsula.

** Laozi ( 5th – 4th century BC )

** Zhuangzi ( 4th century BC )

: Metrodorus of Chios ( 4th century BC )

A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC in later centuries on the rest of the then known European continent.

In the 4th century BC it continued its traditional policy, but in 338 was besieged by Philip II of Macedon.

* Epicrates of Ambracia, c. 4th BC comic poet

Amber is discussed by Theophrastus, possibly the first historical mention of the material, in the 4th century BC.

The stone was given its name by Theophrastus, a Greek philosopher and naturalist, who discovered the stone along the shore line of the river Achates () sometime between the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.

Alcidamas, of Elaea, in Aeolis, Greek sophist and rhetorician, flourished in the 4th century BC.

The Theban army under Pelopidas is said to have been dismayed by an eclipse ( on July 13, 364, see 4th century BC eclipses ), and Pelopidas, leaving the bulk of his army behind, entered Thessaly at the head of three hundred volunteer horsemen and some mercenaries.

Their non-Greek language is confirmed on the site by inscriptions in the Cypriot syllabary which alone in the Aegean world survived the Bronze Age collapse and continued to be used down to the 4th century BC.

During the 4th century BC, there may well have been some 250, 000 – 300, 000 people in Attica.

Citizenship could be granted by the assembly and was sometimes given to large groups ( Plateans in 427 BC, Samians in 405 BC ) but, by the 4th century, only to individuals and by a special vote with a quorum of 6000.

Competence does not seem to have been the main issue, but rather, at least in the 4th century BC, whether they were loyal democrats or had oligarchic tendencies.

On the other hand the empire was, more or less, defunct in the 4th century BC so it cannot be said that democracy was not viable without it.

The archaic xoanon of the goddess and a statue made by Praxiteles in the 4th century BC were both in the sanctuary.

The 4th century historian Ammianus Marcellinus, relying on a lost work by Timagenes, a historian writing in the 1st century BC, writes that the Druids of Gaul said that part of the inhabitants of Gaul had migrated there from distant islands.

The image to the right was discovered in Sudan, which is the contemporary name for the territory of Nubia during the period in which the artifact was made, during the 4th century BC.

Image: Aegis of Isis-Sudan 300s bc-British Museum-83d40m. JPG | Aegis on an image of Isis from the Nubian culture of the 4th century BC found in contemporary Sudan-British Museum

The town seems to have declined in importance after the middle of the 4th century BC.

In the 4th century BC Plato knew oreichalkos as rare and nearly as valuable as gold and Pliny describes how aurichalcum had come from Cypriot ore deposits which had been exhausted by the 1st century AD.