Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era, famous above all for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Sir Francis Drake.

In the Victorian era, the Elizabethan legend was adapted to the imperial ideology of the day, and in the mid-20th century, Elizabeth was a romantic symbol of the national resistance to foreign threat.

Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford ( 12 April 155024 June 1604 ) was an English peer and courtier of the Elizabethan era.

Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral ( 1540 – 27 January 1596 ) was an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era.

The English sought to stake out claims in India at the expense of the Portuguese dating back to the Elizabethan era.

* 1558 – Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.

By being translated as well as imitated, Plautus was a major influence on comedy of the Elizabethan era.

The English term patriot is first attested in the Elizabethan era, via Middle French from Late Latin ( 6th century ) patriota " countryman ", ultimately from Greek πατριώτης ( patriōtēs ) " countryman ", from πατρίς, " fatherland ".

Two other plays of the Elizabethan era predated Shakespeare's work.

alt = A painting of a young dark-haired Native American woman shielding an Elizabethan era man from execution by a Native American chief.

** Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, statesman of the Elizabethan era ( d. 1601 )

* November 17 – The Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her younger half-sister Elizabeth.

The Elizabethan era was the epoch in English history of Queen Elizabeth I's reign ( 1558 – 1603 ).

The Victorian era and the early 20th century idealised the Elizabethan era.

Lacking a dominant genius or a formal structure for research ( the following century had both Sir Isaac Newton and the Royal Society ), the Elizabethan era nonetheless saw significant scientific progress.

English achievements in exploration were noteworthy in the Elizabethan era.

During the Elizabethan era, people looked forward to holidays because opportunities for leisure were limited, with time away from hard work being restricted to periods after church on Sundays.

The hangman's knot or hangman's noose ( also known as a collar during the Elizabethan era ) is a well-known knot most often associated with its use in hanging a person.

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Later examples are the ' Wave of Saints ', who include the Venomous Bead ( Chapter III ); ' Waves of Pretenders ', usually divided into smaller waves of two: an Old Pretender and a Young Pretender ( Chapter XXX ); plus the ' Wave of Beards ' in the Elizabethan era ( Chapter XXXIII ).

Woman spinning with a wheel, from the Elizabethan era, early 17th century

Yeoman refers chiefly to a free man owning his own farm, especially from the Elizabethan era to the 17th century.

During the Elizabethan era, stories claiming that she had been murdered by Eleanor of Aquitaine gained popularity ; but the Ballad of Fair Rosamund by Thomas Deloney and the Complaint of Rosamund by Samuel Daniel ( 1592 ) are both purely fictional.

Although considered today as a less successful literary novel than some of his other historical works, it popularised Kenilworth Castle in the Victorian imagination as a romantic Elizabethan location.

Cinthio's Moor is the model for Shakespeare's Othello, but some researchers believe the poet also took inspiration from the several Moorish delegations from Morocco to Elizabethan England circa 1600.

This was not common throughout England, but in some regions the custom lasted until Elizabethan times, and during the reign of Henry VIII, was briefly popular at court.

Despite the failure of the Cantiones of 1575 some of his other collections sold well, while Elizabethan scribes such as the Oxford academic Robert Dow, the Windsor lay clerk John Baldwin and a school of scribes working for the Norfolk country gentleman Sir Edward Paston copied his music extensively.

While Elizabethan England is not thought of as an age of technological innovation, some progress did occur.

This served successfully for some years with British European Airways as their " Elizabethan Class ".

Dana Aspinall also suggests that an Elizabethan audience would have been similarly taken aback by the play's harsh, misogynistic language: " Since its first appearance, some time between 1588 and 1594, Shrew has elicited a panoply of heartily supportive, ethically uneasy, or altogether disgusted responses to its rough-and-tumble treatment of the ' taming ' of the ' curst shrew ' Katherina, and obviously, of all potentially unruly wives.

Some see The Shrew as novel because, although it does promote male dominance, it does not condone violence towards women per se ; the " play's attitude was characteristically Elizabethan and was expressed more humanly by Shakespeare than by some of his sources.

A contemporary Elizabethan illustration of Carrickfergus shows ten tower-houses, as well as terraces of single-storey houses, some detached cottages and 70 or more Irish beehive-type huts in the town.

Modifications were made to it in the 1720s by Giacomo Leoni, who retained some of the Elizabethan features and added others, particularly the courtyard and the south range.

While he retained some of its Elizabethan features, many of his changes were in a mixture of Palladian and Baroque styles.

There is some doubt regarding the dating of the creation of the garden, but it is generally accepted that it comprised an Elizabethan pleasure garden.

Smaller-format editions might be unillustrated and lack the marginal notes, but some large folio editions had additional illustrations, such as one showing Adam and Eve, where Adam wears a typical Elizabethan beard and moustache.

The Bull's Head public house retains its original Elizabethan half-timbering although most of this was plastered over some years ago and can now no longer be seen from the street.

Additionally, Elizabethan theatre often paid professional writers of the time to perform minor additions and emendations to problematic or overly brief scripts ( the additions to the popular but brief Doctor Faustus and Shakespeare's own additions on the unperformed Thomas More being some of the best known ).

With some differences in vocabulary, texts from the early 17th century, such as the works of William Shakespeare and the King James Bible, are considered to be in Modern English, or more specifically, are referred to as using Early Modern English or Elizabethan English.

Though Falstaff presents some features of an Elizabethan dramatic clown, his character is higher in class and more complex than the other roles with which Kempe is associated.

In Elizabethan times, the position of Chief of the Name was more important to some Irish leaders than English titles.

The first complete code of poor relief was made in the Act for the Relief of the Poor 1597 and some provision for the " deserving poor " was eventually made in the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601.

" Barry Cornwall's " songs have caught some notes from the Elizabethan and Cavalier lyrics, and blended them with others from the leading poets of his own time ; and his dramatic fragments show a similar infusion of the early Victorian spirit into pre-Restoration forms and cadences.

Lee himself contributed voluminously to the Dictionary, writing some 800 articles, mainly on Elizabethan authors or statesmen.

There is no firm evidence that all of these men were all known to each other, but speculation about their connections features prominently in some writing about the Elizabethan era.

It was also designed by William Wilkins, but includes some Medieval glass and features, including the fellows ' stalls, of the older Elizabethan Chapel, which was demolished in the construction of New Court.

In his social-climbing manual, Elizabethan George Puttenham recommends that would-be courtiers have " sickness in his sleeve, thereby to shake off other importunities of greater consequence " and suggests feigning a " dry dropsy [...] of some such other secret disease, as the common conversant can hardly discover, and the physician either not speedily heal, or not honestly bewray.