* 711 – Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula ( Al-Andalus ).

In 1086 Yusuf ibn Tashfin was invited by the taifa Muslim princes of the Iberian Peninsula ( Al-Andalus ) to defend their territories from Alfonso VI, King of León and Castile.

In 1143, he wrote to Pope Innocent II to declare himself and the kingdom servants of the Church, swearing to pursue driving the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula.

Afonso also sent ambassadors to European kingdoms outside the Iberian Peninsula and began amicable commercial relations with most of them.

When the campaigns in Africa were over, Afonso V found new grounds for battle in the Iberian Peninsula.

By the 3rd century BC, the rival armies of Carthage and Rome began to invade and fight for control of the Iberian Peninsula.

Indeed, it is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe ( Iberian Peninsula ), 26th in the world ( after Moscow, before Dubai ) and a growing financial centre ( Diagonal Mar and Gran Via ).

Barcelona is located on the northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Mediterranean Sea, on a plain approximately wide limited by the mountain range of Collserola, the Llobregat river to the southwest and the Besòs river to the north.

Bayonne harbour is a stop over for yachts and boats crossing the Gulf of Biscay on their way from the UK to the Iberian Peninsula, the Atlantic or the Mediterranean.

Most of the Iberian Peninsula had a similar Celtic language in pre-Roman times.

Therefore Latinos are Americans who are descendants of the Latin group ( namely Spain, France, Italy and Portugal ) and Hispanic refers to the descendants from the Iberian Peninsula ( also known as Ibero-American ).

During the 1st millennium BC, they were spoken across Europe, in the Iberian Peninsula, from the Atlantic and North Sea coastlines, up the Rhine valley and down the Danube valley to the Black Sea, the Upper Balkan Peninsula, and in Galatia in Asia Minor.

In various countries, the citadels gained a specific name such as " Kremlin " in Russia or " Alcazaba " in the Iberian Peninsula.

Examples of Chalcolithic cultures in Europe include Vila Nova de São Pedro and Los Millares on the Iberian Peninsula.

The clavichord was very popular from the 16th century to the 18th century, but mainly flourished in German-speaking lands, Scandinavia, and the Iberian Peninsula in the latter part of this period.

Bruhn mentions a battle ( also mentioned by Fabricius ) taking place on September 10, 1217 between Christian knights and Moor warriors on the Iberian Peninsula near the castle Alcazar, where it is said that a golden cross on white appeared in the sky, to bring victory to the Christians.

Elsewhere during the Middle Ages, Islamic science and mathematics flourished under the Islamic caliphate established across the Middle East, extending from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Indus in the east and to the Almoravid Dynasty and Mali Empire in the south.

Most White Ecuadorans are of colonial era Spanish origin, also known as criollos ( literally meaning " localSpaniards ", as opposed to " Peninsulares ", which were Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula in Spain ).

In 1086, the Almoravid invasion of the Iberian Peninsula through and around Gibraltar began.

The Gibraltar area and the rest of the South Iberian Peninsula was part of the Byzantine Empire during the second part of the 6th century, later reverting to the Visigoth Kingdom.

Therefore, Gibraltar became the main Marinid port in the Iberian Peninsula.

This recipe is very old in the Iberian Peninsula going back to Roman times.

Honorius granted the Visigoths Aquitania, where they defeated the Vandals and conquered most of the Iberian Peninsula by 475.

The Visigothic kingdom lasted until 711 under Roderic, when it fell to the Muslim Umayyad invasion of the Iberian Peninsula ( Al-Andalus ).

Portugal's position in Europe suffered a major change in 1580 when the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal were united by a personal union under King Philip, creating the Iberian Union which lasted until 1640.

The defeat of Abu Abdallah and the death of Portugal's king led to the end of the Portuguese Aviz dynasty and later to the integration of Portugal and its empire at the Iberian Union for 60 years under Sebastian's uncle Philip II of Spain.

As a result of the Iberian Union, Phillip II's enemies became Portugal's enemies, such as the Dutch in the Dutch – Portuguese War, England or France.

Portugal's rival Castile had been somewhat slower than its neighbour to begin exploring the Atlantic, and it was not until late in the fifteenth century that Castilian sailors began to compete with their Iberian neighbours.

During this ill-fated attempt he and most of Portugal's nobility were killed in the Battle of Ksar El Kebir in Morocco, eventually causing a succession crisis, that eventually resulted in the Iberian Union.

The bogies had to be redesigned to operate on Portugal's Iberian gauge track.

The name was previously Canaanite אי שפנים ( ʾî šəpānîm ), meaning ' island of hyraxes ', named by Canaanite-speaking Phoenicians who mistook Spain's large rabbit population, that roamed the Iberian Peninsula in ancient times ( although today, the Spanish population of wild rabbits is not quite as abundant as it was then due to the introduction of the myxomatosis virus to mainland Europe in 1950 ), for hyraxes.

The Autonomous University of Madrid has an active student body, having organised one of the Spain's most important events against the dictatorship in 1976 called the Iberian Peoples Festival.

Eduardo Orduña Aznar claims to have established correspondences between Basque and Iberian numerals and noun case markers.

France was only controlling Catalonia and Navarre and could have been definitely expelled from the Iberian peninsula had the Spanish armies attacked again, but the Spanish did not.

There are scattered survivals from the Iberian Peninsula before this time, of a type of notation known as Visigothic neumes, but its few surviving fragments have not yet been deciphered .< ref > Zapke 2007,

* The de facto ruler of al-Andalus, al-Mansur, continues his effort in the north of the Iberian peninsula, he takes and sacks Coimbra ( following this episod the city is said to have remained deserted for six years ).

Charles ' victory is widely believed to have stopped the northward advance of Umayyad forces from the Iberian peninsula, and to have preserved Christianity in Europe during a period when Muslim rule was overrunning the remains of the old Roman and Persian Empires.

Wolves mostly feed on piglets, though adults have been recorded to be taken in Italy, the Iberian Peninsula, and Russia.

Other goals have also been constant such as the political stability of the Iberian peninsula and the affirmation of Portuguese interests in Europe and the Atlantic ( also in the Indian and Pacific Oceans throughout different moments in history ).

As one or both were under the command of Bacurius the Iberian, these may have been allied auxiliary troops from Iberia ( modern Georgia ) rather than Roman.

The Iberian Gate and Chapel have been rebuilt to the Northwest.

Terrassa originated as the Roman town of Egara ( Municipium Flavium Egara ), which was founded during the time of the emperor Vespasian ( 69-79 CE ) alongside the torrent of Vallparadís ( nowadays an urban park ) close to the Iberian town of Egosa, on the site of which some ceramics and coins have been found.

Iberian coins bearing this name have been found there.

The Muslim World and in particular the Iberian Peninsula, with their traditions of literacy uninterrupted by the Middle Ages, were instrumental in delivering ancient classic works to the growing intellectual circles and universities of Western Europe all through the 1100s, as books were produced there in large numbers and on paper for the first time in Europe, and with them full treatises on the sciences, especially astrology and medicine where illumination was required to have profuse and accurate representations with the text.

Historians have found the tribes on the west of Ireland hardest to identify with known peoples, however Camden and O ' Conor speculated a possible connection between the Gangani and the Concani, one of the eleven tribes in the confederacy of the Cantabri in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula.

The Kerretes were probably essentially of Basque and Aquitanian-related stock, as the Iberian clans who mixed with the native inhabitants can have comprised only small numbers of people.

The Kerretes retained a language related to old Basque and Aquitanian, although some Iberian words may have entered the language, and Iberians probably occupied positions at the top of the Kerrete society.

Called also Amadís sin Tiempo ( Amadis without Time ) by his mother ( in allusion to the fact that being conceived outside marriage she would have to abandon him and he would probably die ), he is the most representative Iberian hero of chivalric Romance.

For religious purposes, the term Sephardim means all Jews who use a Sephardic style of liturgy, and therefore includes most Jews of Middle Eastern background, whether or not they have any historical connection to the Iberian Peninsula.

marrà ) were originally Jews living in the Iberian Peninsula who had converted, or been forced to convert, to Christianity, some of whom may have continued to observe rabbinic Judaism in secret.

However, these results have not been replicated in the broad array of genetic studies that have looked at Iberian heritage, and the conclusion has been questioned even by the authors themselves and by Stephen Oppenheimer, who pointed out that much earlier migrations, 5000 to 10, 000 years ago from the Eastern Mediterranean, might also account for these haplogroup proportions.

Dally is inclined to the view that Libyan infantry would have copied the Iberian use of the sword during their fighting there and so were armed similarly to the Romans.

Popular stereotypes would have it surviving more definitively in cultures that are more tradition-bound ( e. g. Southern Italian, Polish, Persian, Turkish, Arab, Iberian, " Old South " or Dixie ).

On 12 November, Hitler issued Führer Directive No. 18, which stated that " political measures to induce the prompt entry of Spain into the war have been initiated " and that " The aim of German intervention in the Iberian Peninsula ( code name Felix ) will be to drive the English out of the Western Mediterranean.