The Old English language, current until approximately sometime after the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, had a dative case ; however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when in pronouns the accusative and dative merged into a single oblique case that was also used for all prepositions.

In the Norman period, suffering the king's ill-will meant difficulties in obtaining grants, honours or petitions ; Henry II had infamously expressed his fury and ill-will towards Thomas Becket ; this ultimately resulted in Becket's death.

Old English literature ( or Anglo-Saxon literature ) encompasses literature written in Old English ( also called Anglo-Saxon ) in Anglo-Saxon England, in the period from the 7th century to the Norman Conquest of 1066.

He wrote in his memoirs that he found this period very useful later on, when he entered politics, and that senior civil servant Norman Robertson tried unsuccessfully to persuade him to stay on.

Modern historians have extensively debated the extent to which Stephen's personality, external events or the weaknesses in the Norman state contributed to this prolonged period of civil war.

The period from the earliest recorded raids in the 790s until the Norman conquest of England in 1066 is commonly known as the Viking Age of Scandinavian history.

No new earl was appointed before the ensuing Norman Conquest of England, and as the Norman kings soon did away with the great earldoms of the late Anglo-Saxon period, 1066 marks the extinction of Wessex as a political unit.

In the Saxon period, the ruins of a Roman temple-mausoleum on the site of the villa were incorporated into a Christian chapel ( Lullingstane Chapel ) that was extant at the time of the Norman Conquest, one of the earliest known chapels in the country.

There is an early Norman period report that much land on the south of Hayling Island was lost to sea flood.

In the same period as the Norman conquest of England, they had taken Sicily, previously under the Arab Fatimid Caliphate.

Current archaeological work indicates that the site was reoccupied by a Muslim community in the Norman period.

There are two castles that remain in the city: Pepoli Castle, which dates from Saracen times, and the Venus Castle, dating from the Norman period, built on top of the ancient Temple of Venus, where Venus Ericina was worshipped.

After a period as a Norman kingdom, the Kingdom of Sicily was passed on to the Hohenstaufens who were a highly powerful Germanic royal house of Swabian origins.

Historian Norman Cantor who specialized in the medieval period, teaching and writing at Columbia and New York University, says in 1993: " It may be true that the Arabs had now fully extended their resources and they would not have conquered France, but their defeat ( at Tours ) in 732 put a stop to their advance to the north.

Unlike Old English, which tended largely to adopt Late West Saxon scribal conventions in the period immediately before the Norman conquest of England, written Middle English displays a wide variety of scribal ( and presumably dialectal ) forms.

Thus Norman came into use as a language of polite discourse and literature, and this fundamentally altered the role of Old English in education and administration, even though many Normans of the early period were illiterate and depended on the clergy for written communication and record-keeping.

Romanesque architecture, or Norman architecture as it is generally termed in England because of its association with the Norman invasion, had already established the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in slow evolution throughout the Medieval period.

From the Norman period manorial organisation obtained through major lay and ecclesiastic magnates.

Dating from the late Norman period, it was transformed in the 13th century when the nave was shortened and the façade added.

In 1869 he commissioned the celebrated architect Richard Norman Shaw to enlarge and improve the house, and this was done over a period of 15 years.

" While these films were popular with audiences, one of her films from this period, Young Man of Manhattan, her only collaboration with her first husband, Norman Foster, received negative notices.

In the period immediately after the Norman Settlement was constructed the barrier, known as the " Pale ," separating the lands occupied by the settlers from those remaining in the hands of the Irish.

Since 2009 until today, mayor Norman Quijano has been working in the " Rescate del Centro Historico " which involves the removal of street vendors and remodeling of parks, and historic buildings.

The design was of a circular shape, which featured the club's name in full, it contained a magpie standing in front of the River Tyne with the historic Norman castle of Newcastle in the background.

Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the historic fifths of Leinster and Mide gradually merged, mainly due to the impact of the Pale, which straddled both, thereby forming the present-day province of Leinster.

One of the Choir ’ s most historic moments came with the opportunity to sing under the baton of Robert Shaw, conducting the Orchestra of St. Luke's and joined by Jessye Norman and others in Carnegie Hall ’ s One Hundredth Birthday Tribute to Marian Anderson.

The Irish National Heritage Park includes various recreations spanning over 9000 years of Irish History, allowing the visitor to wander around recreations of historic Irish dwelling including crannogs, Viking houses and Norman forts.

Norman Thomas attracted nearly 188, 000 votes in his 1936 Socialist Party run for President but performed poorly in historic strongholds of the party.

Long before the Norman Conquest, during Saxon times North Petherton was at the centre of a large royal estate, located on one of the historic communication routes through Somerset, and was both an important centre and the meeting place for the Hundred of North Petherton although the Petherton limit tithing of North Petherton was in the Hundred of Andersfield from the 1670s.

Each year, around the first weekend in December, the university has a fundraising dinner featuring well-known speakers, such as Baseball Hall of Famer Cal Ripken, Jr., former Presidents Gerald R. Ford and George H. W. Bush, TV personality Regis Philbin, retired General Norman Schwarzkopf, Olympic gold medalist Mary Lou Retton, Senator Elizabeth Dole, former US Senate Majority Leader and physician, Dr. Bill Frist, popular radio commentator Paul Harvey, NBC Today Show weatherman Willard Scott, NFL football player, commentator & actor Merlin Olsen, country comedian Jerry Clower, former Alabama head coach Gene Stallings, historic CBS-TV News anchor and reporter Walter Cronkite, former First Lady Barbara Bush, former NBC News Anchor and former Meet the Press moderator Tom Brokaw and most recently Emmy Award winning comedian Tim Conway.

Norman Manley International Airport and the historic town of Port Royal are both on Palisadoes.

The historic television studio at Metromedia Square, once home to Norman Lear's Tandem Productions and TAT Communications Company, also produced hit programs such as The Jeffersons, Mama's Family, Diff ' rent Strokes, One Day at a Time, Hello, Larry, Soul Train, Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, Small Wonder and the groundbreaking sketch comedy In Living Color.

The corporation won, and now a Norman Foster designed office block surrounds the western end of the site, after two thirds of the historic market were rebuilt to include restaurants, shops and a large award winning indoor arts and crafts market, called the Traders Market.

Clondalkin witnessed another historic event during the Norman invasion in 1171 when there was a battle there between Richard de Clare ( Strongbow ) and the last High King of Ireland Ruairi O Conchúir.

In 2008 The World Food Prize Foundation accepted a $ 5 million contribution from Monsanto Company to ensure the continuation of the annual World Food Prize International Symposium “ Borlaug Dialogue .” The funds support a renewed fundraising campaign to transform the historic Des Moines Public Library building into a public museum, the Hall of Laureates, to honor Dr. Norman Borlaug and the work of the World Food Prize Laureates.

After the Norman dynasty Aversa declined in importance: the Angevin kings of Naples came to Aversa mostly to hunt and hold court in the citadel, of which a few traces remain in via Roma in Aversa's historic centre.

This historic site contains significant buildings from the Norman, medieval, Tudor and Georgian eras.

The church also houses the historic 1910 English Romantic Norman and Beard Organ.

Romanesque Revival is also sometimes referred to as the " Norman style " or " Lombard style ," particularly in works published during the nineteenth century after variations of historic Romanesque that were developed by the Normans and Lombards, respectively.

The village has an historic church, the Church of St Peter and St Paul, with a Norman south doorway, a 13th-century chancel and 14th-century tower and a spire that is the second-tallest in the county ; castle ruins ; a high school and a primary school with a pioneering system of heating.

Henry wished to ensure that Richard de Clare, who had married Diarmait's daughter and become heir to Leinster, did not establish an independent Norman kingdom in Ireland.

In that year, he was chosen to lead a Norman expedition to Ireland in support of Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster.

It owed its origins to the decision of a Leinster dynast, Diarmait Mac Murchada ( Diarmuid MacMorrough ), to bring in a Norman knight based in Wales, Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke ( alias ' Strongbow '), to aid him in his battle to regain his throne, after being overthrown by a confederation led by the new Irish High King ( the previous incumbent had protected MacMurrough ).

It had been a common practice for the Norman lordships as well as government forces to recruit the native Irish who were allied to them or living in English controlled areas ( i. e. Meath, Leinster, Ossory, Munster and Connacht ).

Carlow, or " Catherlough " originally part of the Norman Palantine-county of Leinster, became a separate county probably around 1306.

However, in May 1169 Wexford was besieged by Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster and his Norman ally, Robert Fitz-Stephen.

In 1169 a contingent of Norman knights led by Dermot MacMurrough invaded Ireland, first conquering the Irish providence of Leinster then all of Ireland.

The Barnwalls were an ennobled family of Norman descent based in the counties of Dublin, Kildare and Meath in Leinster.

Dublin became the centre of English power in Ireland after the Norman invasion of the southern half of Ireland ( Munster and Leinster ) in 1169-71, replacing Tara in Meath — seat of the Gaelic High Kings of Ireland — as the focal point of Ireland's polity.

Strongbow married Dermot's daughter Aoife of Leinster in 1170, as she was a great heiress, and as a result much of his ( and his followers ') land was granted to him under Norman law but contrary to Brehon law.

The youngest of sixteen children of Sir William Talbot, 1st Baronet, of Carton, and his wife, Alison Netterville, he was descended from an old Norman family that had settled in Leinster in the twelfth century.

The Treaty of Windsor was a pact between Ua Conchobair and Henry II which acknowledged Henry's right to the Lordship of Leinster, Meath and such areas then occupied by his Norman subjects.

In the mid 11th century, the Kingdom of Leinster began exerting influence over Dublin, but its kings remained Norse-Gaels until the Norman invasion of 1171.

Henry allowed MacMurrough enough soldiers to constitute a Norman invasion of Ireland, restoring MacMurrough to Leinster and inserting Henry's son John as Lord of Ireland.