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Western and Isles
Alexander now turned his attention to securing the Western Isles, which still owed a nominal allegiance to Norway.
On attaining his majority at the age of 21 in 1262, Alexander declared his intention of resuming the projects on the Western Isles which the death of his father thirteen years before had cut short.
The Isles now lay at Alexander's feet, and in 1266 Haakon's successor concluded the Treaty of Perth by which he ceded the Isle of Man and the Western Isles to Scotland in return for a monetary payment.
For example, the broch ' villages ' which occur at a few places in Orkney have no parallel in the Western Isles.
( 1996 ) The Archaeology of Skye and the Western Isles, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 0-7486-0640-8
However, in areas such as the Western Isles of Scotland, timber was unavailable from the Neolithic onwards.
In reality, the Western Isles contains the highest density of lake-settlement in Scotland, yet they are recognised under varying terms besides crannog.
If one employs the strict, limited definition of crannog which requires the use of timber, then sites in the Western Isles are stricken from the discussion.
If not " true " crannogs, small occupied islets ( often at least partially artificial in nature ) may be referred to as island duns, although rather confusingly, 22 islet-based sites are classified as ' proper ' crannogs due to the different interpretations of the inspectors or excavators who drew up field reports Canmore search for crannog in the Western Isles Hebridean island dwellings or crannogs were commonly built on both natural and artificial islets, usually reached by means of a stone causeway.
* Armit, Ian ( 1996 ) The archaeology of Skye and the Western Isles.
Whether there were Viking or Norse-Gael kingdoms in the Western Isles or the Northern Isles at this time is debated.
Shortly afterwards Edgar and the King of Norway, Magnus Bare Legs concluded a treaty recognizing Norwegian authority over the Western Isles.
With the death of James III in 1488 at the Battle of Sauchieburn, his successor James IV successfully ended the quasi-independent rule of the Lord of the Isles, bringing the Western Isles under effective Royal control for the first time.
In the Western Isles of Scotland the Sluagh, or fairy host was regarded as composed of the souls of the dead flying through the air, and the feast of the dead at Hallowe ' en was likewise the festival of the fairies.
* Gregory, D. " History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland " ( 1881 ).
Today, they are also known as the Western Isles although this phrase can also be used to refer to the Hebrides in general.
Hunter ( 2000 ) states that in relation to King Bridei I of the Picts in the sixth century: " As for Shetland, Orkney, Skye and the Western Isles, their inhabitants, most of whom appear to have been Pictish in culture and speech at this time, are likely to have regarded Bridei as a fairly distant presence .”
This situation lasted until the partitioning of the Western Isles in 1156, at which time the Outer Hebrides remained under Norwegian control while the Inner Hebrides broke out under Somerled, the Norse-Celtic kinsman of the Manx royal house.
The Lords of the Isles ruled the Inner Hebrides as well as part of the Western Highlands as subjects of the King of Scots until John MacDonald, fourth Lord of the Isles, squandered the family's powerful position.
Ironically, given the status of the Western Isles as the last Gàidhlig-speaking stronghold in Scotland, the Gaelic language name for the islands – Innse Gall – means " isles of the foreigners " which has roots in the time when they were under Norse colonisation.

Western and may
It may well be that the unification of Europe will prove inadequate, that the survival of free society will require nothing less than the confederation of the entire Western world.
Success may mean merely the displacement of Western influence.
It may be viewed as didactic, mocking, or merely descriptive ; in any event it preserves the attitudes and practices that were the foundation of a long and significant tradition in Western literature.
This family includes extant manuscripts dating from the 5th century or later ; however, papyrus fragments may be used to show that this text-type dates as early as the Alexandrian or Western text-types.
Remarque comments in the preface that " Quiet on the Western Front will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war.
Disruption in the trade of tin for bronze from Western Europe may have contributed to the increasing popularity of brass in the east and by the 6th – 7th centuries AD over 90 % of copper alloy artefacts from Egypt were made of brass.
In a few Western countries female toplessness at a beach is acceptable, although it may not be acceptable in the town center.
It may come from a custom in the late Roman / early Christian era, wherein metal boxes placed outside churches were used to collect special offerings tied to the Feast of Saint Stephen, which in the Western Church falls on the same day as Boxing Day.
This Ottawa County preference for the eight ounce can may stem from a long-standing blue law held in many Western Michigan cities that prohibit sale of beer and wine on Sundays.
As time progressed, English country dances were spread and reinterpreted throughout the Western world, and eventually the French form of the name came to be associated with the American folk dances, especially in New England ( this Gallicized name change may have followed a contemporary misbelief that the form was originally French ).
It is located south of Asia Minor, the Anatolian peninsula of the Asian ( or Eurasian ) mainland ( now part of modern-day Turkey ), so it may be included in Western Asia or the Middle East: At a confluence of Western Asia, Southern Europe, and Northern Africa, Cyprus has had lengthy periods of mainly Greek and intermittent Anatolian, Levantine, Byzantine, and Western European influences.
Since most Western economies are now considered " open " with free capital movement, this essentially means that central banks may target interest rates or exchange rates with credibility, but not both at once.
On top of this there are many non-European clowning traditions ( including clown-like figures in Japanese Kabuki theatre ), North American native shaman traditions to consider which may or may not have influenced what we now think of as a clown in the Western world.
The concept of the five classical elements in the Western tradition may originate from Babylonian mythology.
The shared culture may be as divergent as Western culture or Chinese culture.
The fact that cognates exist ( such as the German elbinne ) could suggest a West Germanic * alb ( i ) innjo, but this is uncertain, as the examples may be simply a transference to the weak declension common in Southern and Western forms of Middle English.
However, since the teachers associated with perennialism are in a sense the authors of the Western masterpieces themselves, these teachers may be open to student criticism through the associated Socratic method, which, if carried out as true dialogue, is a balance between students, including the teacher promoting the discussion.
As Western governments became more aware of the practice, legislation was passed to make it a criminal offence, though enforcement may be a low priority.
Others who practice feminist spirituality may instead adhere to a feminist re-interpretation of Western monotheistic traditions.
Men, however, may stare at Western women in such countries who might get in trouble if returning the glance.
A significant 300, 000 strong Greek community in Istanbul and a 100, 000 Muslim one in Western Thrace were excluded from the transfer, with each one supposed to be working as counter-weights to any anti-minority policy that either Turkey or Greece may sought to apply in the future.

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