The seventh century was the beginning of the Srivijaya civilization in Palembang, Sumatra and the influence of silat from the mainland Malay society was consolidated by Ninik Dato ' Suri Diraja ( 1097 – 1198 ) to create silek ( Minang silat ) of Sumatra.

Through the Latin translations of Averroes's ( 1126 – 1198 ) work beginning in the 12th century the legacy of Aristotle was recovered in the West-Christian philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas ( 1224 – 1274 ) adapted to his view, and because they believed that the early embryo did not have a human soul, they did not necessarily see early abortion as murder, though they condemned abortion.

The Fourth Council of the Lateran was convoked by Pope Innocent III with the papal bull of April 19, 1213, and the Council gathered at Rome's Lateran Palace beginning November 11, 1215.

Pope Pius IX is elected Pope beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy ( not counting St. Peter ).

Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer.

Duchesne and others have viewed the beginning of the Liber Pontificalis up until the biographies of Pope Felix III ( 483 – 492 ) as the work of a single author, who was a contemporary of Pope Anastasius II ( 496-498 ), relying on Catalogus Liberianus, which in turn draws from the papal catalogue of Hippolytus of Rome, and the Leonine Catalogue, which is no longer extant.

Eventually, in 1309, Pope Clement V even left Rome and relocated to the French city of Avignon, beginning the era known as the Avignon Papacy ( or, more disparagingly, the " Babylonian captivity ").

* 1891 – Pope Leo XIII defends workers ' rights and property rights in the encyclical Rerum Novarum, the beginning of modern Catholic social teaching.

Zachary's successor, Pope Stephen II, confirmed and anointed Pepin the Short, in 754 beginning the Carolingian monarchy.

Pope Gregory XIII also founded numerous seminaries for training priests, beginning with the German College at Rome, and put them in the charge of the Jesuits.

Numerous books that allege private revelations have a disclaimer in the beginning that quotes an alleged saying of Pope Urban VIII.

In the English-speaking world, the Douay-Rheims Bible — translated from the Latin Vulgate by expatriate recusants in Rheims, France in 1582 ( New Testament ) and in Douai, France in 1609 ( Old Testament )— which was revised by Bishop Richard Challoner in 1749 – 1752 ( the 1750 revision is that which is printed today ), was, until the prompting for " new translations from the original languages " given by Pope Pius XII in the 1942 encyclical letter Divino afflante spiritu and the Second Vatican Council, the translation used by most Catholics ( after Divino afflante spiritu, translations multiplied in the Catholic world, just as they multiplied in the Protestant world around the same time beginning with the Revised Standard Version, with various other translations being used around the world for English-language liturgies, ranging from the New American Bible, the Jerusalem Bible, the Revised Standard Version Second Catholic Edition, and the upcoming English Standard Version Catholic lectionary ).

A reprint of that edition (" Editio Typica Tertia Emendata "), issued under Pope Benedict XVI, corrected misprints and some other mistakes ( such as the insertion at the beginning of the Apostles ' Creed of " unum ", as in the Nicene Creed ).

To mark the fiftieth anniversary of the beginning of Vatican II, in October 2011, the Vatican's website and many other Catholic news organizations announced that the Pope Benedict XVI, had made the period from October 2012 to the end of November 2013 ( the Solemnity of Christ the King ) a " Year Of Faith " in a solemn declaration, and ordered all parishes and religious institutions to find some manner during that Year of celebrating and reaffirming the Creed ( there are now two main Creeds-the shorter Apostle's Creed and the lengthier Niceno-Constantopolitan, or Nicene Creed.

* 1378 – Cardinal Robert of Geneva, called by some the Butcher of Cesena, is elected as Avignon Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism.

The fixing of the feast of All Saints on its current date of 1 November is attributed to Pope Gregory III ( 731 – 741 ), but from the testimony of Pseudo-Bede it is known that 1 November was already associated with All Saints in Great Britain by the beginning of the 8th century.

Having failed to gather an expedition against Palestine, Pope Innocent III resolved in 1207 to organize a new crusade ; beginning in 1209, he called for crusades against the Albigenses, against the Almohad dynasty of Spain ( 1213 ), and, also around that time, against the pagans of Prussia.

Pope John Paul II personally endorsed Dominus Iesus, and ratified and confirmed it " with sure knowledge and by his apostolic authority " ( a formal sentence used at the beginning or at the point of signature of an official document ).

He was either murdered by Christopher, who was in turn executed by Pope Sergius III ( 904 – 911 ) in 904, or, more likely, was ordered to be strangled during the beginning of Sergius ’ pontificate, either on the orders of Sergius himself, or by the direction of the sacri palatii vestararius, Theophylact, Count of Tusculum.

This expedition resulted in the revolt and capture of Milan, the Diet of Roncaglia that saw the establishment of imperial officers in the cities of northern Italy, and the beginning of the long struggle with Pope Alexander III.

Pope Saint Soter ( died 174 ) was the Bishop of Rome during the latter half of the 2nd Century with his pontificate, according to the Annuario Pontificio, beginning between 162 and 168 then ending between 170 and 177.

The Senate, which practically took all temporal power from the Pope during the pontificate of Innocent II, had been managed with considerable skill and firmness by Lucius at the beginning of his pontificate, convincing many senators to either leave the Capitoline Hill or to lay down their magisterium.

The 1980s saw visits from Pope John Paul II and Queen Elizabeth II, and the beginning of the annual Canterbury Festival.

All of what it presents as letters of pre-Nicene popes, beginning with Clement, are forgeries, as are some of the documents that it attributes to councils ; and more than forty falsifications are found in the decretals that it gives as those of post-Nicene popes from Pope Sylvester I ( 314 – 335 ) to Pope Gregory II ( 715 – 731 ).

King John's attempt to force de Gray's election as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1205 was the beginning of the king's long quarrel with Pope Innocent III.

At the beginning of the following year, UFO released the self-produced The Wild, the Willing and the Innocent, which had a lighter pop rock sound, which was popular at the time.

Infessura's diary, partly in Latin and partly in ancient Romanesco, the Diarium urbis Romae ( Diario della Città di Roma ) is of special firsthand value for the pontificates of Paul II ( 1464-1471 ), Sixtus IV ( 1471-1484 ), Innocent VIII ( 1484-1492 ), and the beginning of Alexander VI's pontificate.

It was only at the beginning of the Pontificate of Innocent X that someone already a Cardinal and not a member of the Pope ’ s family was called to this high office.

The Roman Rite, which has completely obliterated all distinction between the Missa Catachumenorum and the Missa Fidelium, associates this sign of unity, not with the beginning of the latter, but with the Communion, and this position is as old as the letter of St. Innocent I ( 416 ) to Decentius of Giubbio.

In the beginning of the next year, the child Danylo was again expelled from Halych but Andrew denied to give assistance to him because the child prince's opponent, Prince Volodymyr III Igorevych had bribed him.

* Stage III: Sixteen to twenty-four hours after last dose: Rhinorrhea ( runny nose ) and increase in other of the above, dilated pupils, piloerection ( gooseflesh ), muscle twitches, hot flashes, cold flashes, aching bones and muscles, loss of appetite and the beginning of intestinal cramping.

Most threatening, however, was the ascendancy of Assyria, which was beginning to expand westward from Mesopotamia: the Battle of Qarqar ( 853 BC ), which pitted Shalmaneser III of Assyria against a coalition of local kings, including Ahab, was the first clash between Assyria and Israel.

But Frederick II hung back, and Honorius III repeatedly put off the date for the beginning of the expedition.

Deprived of all clerical rank and considered a usurper from the beginning, Sylvester III was condemned to be confined in a monastery for the rest of his life.

* 1475 BC: Thutmose III conquers Canaan ; beginning of Egyptian domination of southern Canaanite plain.

Presented as a future extrapolation of the speculative World War III of GDW's popular military role-playing game Twilight: 2000, in which the various nations of Earth were only just beginning to explore and colonize the 50 light year sphere of surrounding space.

The country witnessed battles of the Thirty Years ' War and general hostilities of the Eighty Years ' War ; Phillip II and III of Portugal and later the Dutch and English used forts built from the destroyed temples, including Fort Fredrick in Trincomalee, to fight sea battles with the Dutch, Danish, the French and English which saw the beginning of the loss of the sovereign Tamil nation-state on the island.

* 726: Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian destroys the icon of Christ above the Chalke Gate in the capital city of Constantinople, beginning the first phase of the Byzantine Iconoclasm.

* King Phraataces and Queen Musa of Parthia are overthrown and killed, the crown being offered to Orodes III of Parthia — the beginning of the interregnum.

* Leo III the Isaurian bans the worship of religious images, beginning the iconoclastic controversies.

* Emperor Leo III of the Byzantine Empire orders the destruction of all icons, beginning the First Iconoclastic Period.

In 1395 he was named councillor to Rupert II, and the raising of Rupert III, Elector Palatine to the dignity of King of the Romans in 1400 marks the beginning of Matthew's career as a statesman.

For the beginning of his reign, Otto III faced opposition from the Slavic peoples along Germany's eastern border.

* Casimir III of Poland is succeeded jointly by his sister, Elisabeth of Kujavia, and her son, Louis I of Hungary, beginning the rule of Poland by the Capet-Anjou family.

* Byzantine emperor Nicephorus III is overthrown by Alexius I Comnenus, ending the Middle Byzantine period and beginning the Comnenan dynasty.

He renamed his son Constantine, thus drawing a parallel to Leo III ( r. 717 – 741 ) and Constantine V, and beginning in 814 began to discuss with various clerics and senators the possibility of reviving the iconoclastic policy of the Isaurians.

While " Black Agnes ," Countess-consort Dunbar and March, continued to resist the English laying siege to Dunbar Castle, hurling defiance and abuse from the walls, Scotland received some breathing space when Edward III claimed the French throne and took his army to Flanders, beginning the Hundred Years ' War with France.