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Page "Probability interpretations" ¶ 17
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case and tossing
In the case of coin tossing, as a run of heads gets longer and longer, the likelihood that the coin is biased towards heads increases.
In the fair case where, we could expect to wait something on the order of tosses before seeing 42 consecutive tails ; tossing coins at the rate of one toss per second, this would require approximately 279, 000 years.
* October 27, 1995-Commune of Morsang-sur-Orge, also known commonly as the " dwarf tossing case ". Respect for human dignity is to be included under public right and interest ( ordre public ).

case and fair
In my own case, I submit that such reasonable and fair exercise is woefully lacking.
In the case of taxpaying corporate stockholders, the measure would be the lesser of the fair market value of the shares or Du Pont's tax basis for them, which is approximately $2.09 per share.
:( 5 ) a fair ball that has not been touched by a fielder touches a runner or an umpire, unless a runner is called out for having been touched by an Infield Fly, in which case the official scorer shall not score a hit ; or
The tribunal suspended him for sixteen weeks, and although most people thought this was a fair ( or even lenient ) sentence, he took his case to the supreme court, gathering even more unwanted publicity for the club.
In this case, the smart bet is " heads " because the empirical evidence — 21 " heads " in a row — suggests that the coin is likely to be biased toward " heads ", contradicting the general assumption that the coin is fair.
States and individuals who subscribe to this view opine that, in the case of the individual responsible for violation of international law, he " is become, like the pirate and the slave trader before him, hostis humani generis, an enemy of all mankind ", and thus subject to prosecution in a fair trial before any fundamentally just tribunal, through the exercise of universal jurisdiction.
Some practitioners insist on a mutual NDA in all cases, to encourage the drafter to make the provisions " fair and balanced " in case the drafter's receiving-party client later ends up as a disclosing party, or vice versa ( not an uncommon occurrence ).
* Journal editors should consider issuing an expression of concern if they receive inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors, there is evidence that the findings are unreliable but the authors ' institution will not investigate the case, they believe that an investigation into alleged misconduct related to the publication either has not been, or would not be, fair and impartial or conclusive, or an investigation is underway but a judgement will not be available for a considerable time.
For instance, on 21 July 1995 a libel case brought by Neil Hamilton ( then a member of parliament ) against The Guardian was stopped after Justice May ruled that the Bill of Rights ' prohibition on the courts ' ability to question parliamentary proceedings would prevent The Guardian from obtaining a fair trial.
In any case, these plans were abandoned in July 1894 when much of the fair grounds was destroyed in a fire.
They construed the term " academic freedom " to refer to " students ' freedom from indoctrination ", in this case their freedom " to decide for themselves how life began, based upon a fair and balanced presentation of the scientific evidence ".
A fair jury trial, for example, requires that the jury ignore irrelevant features of the case, weigh the relevant features appropriately, consider different possibilities open-mindedly and resist fallacies such as appeal to emotion.
However, if he is a protected person under GCIV he still has some protection under GCIV, and must be " treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial prescribed by the present Convention " ( GCIV Article 5 ).
The chief value of obtaining a deposition, as with any discovery proceeding, is to give all litigant parties in a contested case a fair preview of the evidence.
He filed a lawsuit alleging that the Commissioner had prejudged the case and could not provide a fair hearing.
Derek Zumsteg of Baseball Prospectus wrote an exhaustive review of the case James made and concluded: " James ' defense of Rose is filled with oversights, errors in judgment, failures in research, and is a great disservice to the many people who have looked to him for a balanced and fair take on this complicated and important issue.
At that juncture, the mercenary soldier becomes an unlawful combatant but still must be " treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial ", being still covered by GC IV Art 5.
While several of the jurors harbor personal prejudices, Juror 8 maintains that the evidence presented in the case is circumstantial, and that the boy deserves a fair deliberation.
It is considered to be fair, since otherwise the makers ( specifically the partner of the dealer ) would have an unfair degree of knowledge about the distribution of the cards, as well ( in the case of the dealer ) knowing which card to discard ( see voiding ).
( The Fifth Amendment prohibits the federal government from taking property for public use without " just compensation ," which American courts have interpreted in the usual case to mean " fair market value ".
An unlawful combatant who is not a national of a neutral State, and who is not a national of a co-belligerent State, retains rights and privileges under the Fourth Geneva Convention so that he must be " treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial.
" They do, however, retain the right " to be treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial prescribed by the present Convention.
At that point they become an unlawful combatant but they must still be " treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial ", because they are still covered by GC IV Art 5.
The need for more public defenders also led to a need to ensure that the defenders are properly trained in legal defense to allow defendants to receive as fair of a case as possible.

case and coin
Collecting counterfeits and forgeries is a controversial area because of the possibility that counterfeits might someday reenter the coin market as authentic coins, but US statutory and case law do not explicitly prohibit possession of counterfeit coins.
The lowest fiscal amount a Jewish court, or Beth Din, can convene to adjudicate a case over is a shova pruta ( value of a Babylonian pruta coin ).
) This is the case of a coin toss or the series 1, 2, 3, 4 ,...
This is not so obvious in a case like a coin toss.
Ripeness represents the other side of the coin of standing, and deals with whether the defendant in a case has gone so far in his / her abusive behavior that the court has a right to hear the case.
The national side was also to remain unchanged until the end of 2008, unless a monarch depicted on a coin died or abdicated ( such as in the case of the Vatican's coins ).
In the worst case, the number of comparisons and swaps are both unbounded, for the same reason that a tossed coin might turn up heads any number of times in a row.
The crown had continued to be minted occasionally after decimalisation, with a value of twenty-five pence, although, as was the case with most pre-decimal crowns, this was not stated on the coin.
In the reigns of Kings Edward VII, George V, ( Edward VIII ), and George VI, five pound coins were only issued in proof sets in the first year of their reign ( only prepared for approval in the case of Edward VIII, which is why his coin is valued at around £ 175, 000 !).
The British Third Guinea coin is unique among the British gold coinage in having been produced exclusively in the reign of one monarch, in this case King George III.
In the reigns of Kings Edward VII, George V, ( Edward VIII ), and George VI, two pound coins were only issued in proof sets in the first year of their reign ( only prepared for approval in the case of Edward VIII, which is why his coin is valued at around £ 175, 000!
In another case, the 2 euro coin is similar in size to the 10 baht coin ( worth only € 0. 25 ).
We should note that games like coin toss with no house edge are not played in a commercial casino and thus represent a limiting case.
In the case of flipping a coin, flipping a head and flipping a tail are also mutually exclusive events.
Marx's critique of the ideology of the human rights thus departs from the counterrevolutionary critique by Edmund Burke, who dismissed the " rights of Man " in favour of the " rights of the individual ": it is not grounded on an opposition to the Enlightenment's universalism and humanist project on behalf of the right of tradition, as in Burke's case, but rather on the claim that the ideology of economism and the ideology of the human rights are the reverse sides of the same coin.
While the face value usually refers to the true value of the coin, stamp or bill in question ( as with circulation coins ) it can sometimes be largely symbolic, as is often the case with bullion coins.
( The first time there was a tie, a coin toss determined which team shot first ; also, when two new couples appeared, they tossed a coin before the show to see which would be the red team, which had the advantage in case of a tie.

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