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earliest and medieval

The
earliest pioneers
of chemistry
and the scientific method
, were
medieval Arab
and Persian scholars.

Standard works in Latin inherited from
the medieval tradition formed
the bulk
of the earliest printing
, but
as books became cheaper
, works in
the various vernaculars
( or translations
of standard works ) began to appear.

Some books
( guidebooks in particular ) suggest that mazes on cathedral floors originated in
the medieval period
as alternatives to pilgrimage to
the Holy Land
, but
the earliest attested use
of the phrase " chemin de Jerusalem "
( path to Jerusalem ) dates to
the late 18th century when it was used to describe mazes at Reims
and Saint-Omer.

Some
of the earliest recorded speculations linked mind
( sometimes described
as identical with soul or spirit ) to theories concerning both life after death
, and cosmological
and natural order
, for
example in
the doctrines
of Zoroaster
, the Buddha
, Plato
, Aristotle
, and other ancient Greek
, Indian
and, later
, Islamic
and medieval European philosophers.
A modern version
of theses
medieval chains
is seen in
the Faroese chain dance
, the earliest account
of which goes back only to
the 17th century.

Philippe de Vitry was one
of the earliest composers to use this technique
, and his work evidently had
an influence on that
of Guillaume de Machaut
, one
of the most famous named composers
of late
medieval motets.

The city's oldest section
is “ Gamla Stan ”
( Old Town ), located on
the original small islands
of the city's
earliest settlements
and still featuring
the medieval street layout.

Distilling technology passed from
the medieval Arabs to
the medieval Latins
, with
the earliest records in Latin in
the early 12th century.

Mystery plays
and miracle plays
( sometimes distinguished
as two different forms
, although
the terms are often used interchangeably ) are among
the earliest formally developed plays in
medieval Europe.

The jury arrangement has evolved out
of the earliest juries
, which were found in early
medieval England.

" Most notable early
medieval Polish works in Latin
and the Old Polish language include
the oldest extant manuscript
of fine prose in
the Polish language entitled
the Holy Cross Sermons
, as well
as the earliest Polish-language Bible
of Queen Zofia
and the Chronicle
of Janko
of Czarnków from
the 14th century
, not to mention
the Puławy Psalter.

Unlike many other
medieval chronicles written by European monks
, the Tale
of Bygone Years
is unique
as the only written testimony on
the earliest history
of East Slavic people.

The
earliest Welsh genealogies give Maximus
the role
of founding father for several royal dynasties
, including those
of Powys
and Gwent
, a role he also played for
the rulers
of medieval Galloway in Scotland
, home to
the Roman-era Novantae whose territory was also
made independent
of Roman rule by Maximus.

The
earliest Welsh genealogies give Maximus
( referred to
as Macsen / Maxen Wledig
, or Emperor Maximus )
the role
of founding father
of the dynasties
of several
medieval Welsh kingdoms
, including those
of Powys
and Gwent.

This
earliest question mark was a decoration
of one
of these dots
, with
the " lightning flash " perhaps meant to denote intonation
( or a tilde or titlo
, named after
the Latin word titulus
, as in “ ·~ ”, like those wavy
and more or less slanted marks used in lots
of medieval texts for denoting various things such
as abbreviations
, and that would become later various diacritics or ligatures or modified letters used in
the Latin script ),
and perhaps associated with early musical notation like neumes.

* Science
( Latin )-medicine
( itself a Latin loanword ) uses a large vocabulary
of Latin terms
( sternum
, appendix ),
as a result
of medieval advances in medical science being conducted in Latin-even if some
of the earliest Latin medical texts were translations from Greek
and Arabic.

Foxes were referred to
as beasts
of the chase by
medieval times
, along with
the red deer
( hart & hind ), martens
, and roes
, but
the earliest known attempt to hunt a fox with hounds was in Norfolk
, England
, in 1534
, where farmers began chasing foxes down with their dogs for
the purpose
of pest control.

One
of the earliest and anatomically convincing examples
is the gaunt cadaver effigy
of the medieval physician Guillaume de Harsigny
( d. 1393 ) at Laon.

The legend
of Elffin's association with Taliesin
is given at its fullest in
the late
medieval prose text Ystorya Taliesin
, the earliest redaction
of the tale known
as Hanes Taliesin.

Hastings Rashdall set out
the modern understanding
of the medieval origins
of the universities
, noting that
the earliest universities emerged spontaneously
as " a scholastic Guild
, whether
of Masters or Students ... without any express authorisation
of King
, Pope
, Prince or Prelate.

Culhwch (, with
the final consonant
of Scottish " loch "), in Welsh mythology
, is the son
of Cilydd son
of Celyddon
and Goleuddydd
, a cousin
of Arthur
and the protagonist
of the story Culhwch
and Olwen
( the earliest of the medieval Welsh tales usually
, but erroneously
, referred to collectively
as the Mabinogion
).

The Völsung Cycle
is a series
of legends about
the clan
, the earliest extant versions
of which were recorded in
medieval Iceland
, and is also
the subject matter
of the Middle High German epic poem Nibelungenlied.

The Front Quadrangle sits on roughly
the site
of the medieval college
, although
of the earliest buildings
, only Palmer's Tower in
the north-eastern corner remains.

The main site
of the College incorporates four
medieval halls: Bedel Hall
, St Mary Hall
, St Martin Hall
and Tackley's Inn
, the last being
the earliest property acquired by
the college
and the oldest standing
medieval hall in Oxford.
earliest and ballads

The first clear reference to " rhymes
of Robin Hood "
is from
the late-14th-century poem Piers Plowman
, but
the earliest surviving copies
of the narrative
ballads that tell
his story date to
the 15th century
, or
the first decade
of the 16th century.

It
is not supported by
the earliest ballads.

Although this view has become increasingly popular
, it
is certainly not supported by
the earliest ballads.

This practice
is reflected in
the ballads written about Turpin
, the earliest of which
, Dick Turpin
, would appear to have been published in 1737.

Thereafter
, Child devoted himself to
the comparative study
of British vernacular
ballads, using methods adopted from historical comparative philology to arrive at
the earliest attested versions.

This song was one
of the earliest of the American
ballads.

He appears in
the earliest recorded
Robin Hood ballads and stories.

The
earliest ballads do not feature
an origin story for this character
, but one was soon to follow.
In England songs about military
and naval subjects were a major part
of the output
of ballad writers from
the 16th century onwards
, including one
of the earliest British
ballads ‘ The Ballad
of Chevy Chase ’, which deals with
the events
of the Scottish victory
of the Battle
of Otterburn in 1388
and may date to
the early 15th century.

The first
of the two
ballads of Chevy Chase was perhaps written
as early
as the 1430s
, but
the earliest record we have
of it
is in The Complaynt
of Scotland
, one
of the first printed books from Scotland.

Much
is present from
the very
earliest Robin Hood ballads, in which he often accompanies Little John on physical journeys
and even gets involved in brawls.

He was a well-known figure at
the time
the earliest Robin Hood ballads likely developed in
the 14th century.

He was present in
the earliest ballads along with Little John
and Much
the Miller's Son.

One
of the earliest collectors
of Appalachian
ballads was Kentucky native John Jacob Niles
( 1892 – 1980 ), who began noting
ballads as early
as 1907
as he learned them in
the course
of family
, social life
, and work.
earliest and Robin
In the earliest sources
, Robin Hood is a yeoman
, but he was often later portrayed
as an aristocrat wrongfully dispossessed
of his lands
and made into
an outlaw by
an unscrupulous sheriff.

William Shakespeare makes reference to
Robin Hood in
his late-16th-century play The Two Gentlemen
of Verona
, one
of his earliest.

The
earliest surviving text
of a
Robin Hood ballad
is "
Robin Hood and the Monk ".

Though not seen
as the most tyrannical
of kings
, unlike
his son Prince Edward
, discontent was common during Henry's time
and, though traditionally thought
of as belonging to
the time
of King John
, the earliest Robin Hood sources
and tales suggest that
, if he existed at all
, it was during Henry's reign.

The
earliest reference to "
Robin Goodfellow " cited by
the Oxford English Dictionary
is from 1531.

Andrew Wyntoun
is most famous for
his completion
of an eight-syllabled metre entitled
, Orygynale Cronykil
of Scotland
, which contains
an early mention
of Robin Hood ; it
is also cited by
the Oxford English Dictionary
as the earliest work in English to use
the word " Catholic ": modernized " He was a constant Catholic ;/ All Lollard he hated
and heretic.

He also appears in
the earliest chronicle references to
Robin Hood, by Andrew
of Wyntoun in about 1420
and by Walter Bower in about 1440
, neither
of which refer to any other
of the Merry Men
, suggesting that Little John was particularly associated with him.

The
earliest Batman
and Robin figures had removable masks but they were easily lost
and Mego noted that it was less expensive to create a new sculpt for Batman with a molded on mask
and simply painted
the mask onto
Robin.

Adam de la Halle
, also known
as Adam le Bossu
( Adam
the Hunchback )
( 1237 ?– 1288 ) was a French-born trouvère
, poet
and musician
, whose literary
and musical works include chansons
and jeux-partis
( poetic debates ) in
the style
of the trouveres
, polyphonic rondel
and motets in
the style
of early liturgical polyphony
, and a musical play
, " Jeu de
Robin et Marion ", which
is considered
the earliest surviving secular French play with music.

His Jeu de
Robin et Marion
is cited
as the earliest French play with music on a secular subject.

Some
of the earliest examples happened on The New Scooby-Doo Movies
, which featured appearances by characters from Harlem Globetrotters
, Josie
and the Pussycats
, Jeannie
, Speed Buggy
, and Batman
and Robin ( as well
as The Addams Family
and a year prior to
having their own H-B series
).

The
earliest medieval Robin Hood stories gave him no female companion.
In one
of their
earliest missions
, the Outsiders teamed up with
the Teen Titans
, who were led at
the time by Batman's sidekick
, Robin.

Virtually every issue featured DC's two leading superheroes
, Superman
and Batman
, with
the earliest issues also featuring Batman's sidekick
, Robin.

* Much
the Miller's Son
, one
of Robin Hood's Merry Men from
the earliest tales

The first
medieval film was also one
of the earliest films ever
made, about Jeanne d
' Arc in 1899
, while
the first to deal with
Robin Hood dates to
as early
as 1908.
1.191 seconds.