She describes, first, the imaginary reaction of a foreigner puzzled by this `` unseasonable exultation '' ; ;

Almost inevitably, the first result of this technological revolution was a reaction against the methods and in many cases the conclusions of the Oxford school of Stubbs, Freeman and ( particularly ) Green regarding the nature of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain.

The rate of the gas phase exchange reaction appears to be proportional to the first power of the absorbed light intensity indicating that the radical intermediates are removed at the walls or by reaction with an impurity rather than by bimolecular radical combination reactions.

The reactants for the gas phase experiments were first frozen out in a side-arm attached to the manifold and then allowed to distil slowly into the manifold of pre-cooled reaction cells before sealing off.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

It was my first reaction upon hearing of Lumumba's death.

Elaine recovered first, so quickly that Nick thought he might have imagined her sudden reaction.

Both theories easily describe the first reaction: CH < sub > 3 </ sub > COOH acts as an Arrhenius acid because it acts as a source of H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup > when dissolved in water, and it acts as a Brønsted acid by donating a proton to water.

He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of morphogenesis, and predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov – Zhabotinsky reaction, which were first observed in the 1960s.

What they and many others of that generation in the Nordic countries had in common was that they started off from a classical education and were first designing in the so-called Nordic Classicism style – a style that had been a reaction to the previous dominant style of National Romanticism – before moving, in the late 1920s, towards Modernism.

The first convincing synthesis was in 1981 by a German research team led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung ( Institute for Heavy Ion Research, GSI ) in Darmstadt using the Dubna reaction.

The Soviet scientists had suggested this name be given to element 105 ( which was finally called dubnium ) and the German team wished to recognise both Bohr and the fact that the Dubna team had been the first to propose the cold fusion reaction.

The synthesis of bohrium was first attempted in 1976 by scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna using this cold fusion reaction.

This reaction was studied for the first time in 2007 by the team at LBNL to search for the lightest bohrium isotope < sup > 260 </ sup > Bh.

This reaction was first studied in 2006 at the LBNL as part of their systematic study of fusion reactions using < sup > 238 </ sup > U targets.

This reaction was studied for the first time in 2008 by the team at RIKEN, Japan, in order to study the decay properties of < sup > 266 </ sup > Bh, which is a decay product in their claimed decay chains of ununtrium .< ref > The decay of < sup > 266 </ sup > Bh by the emission of 9. 05-9. 23 MeV alpha particles was further confirmed in 2010.

The first synthetic β-lactam was prepared by Hermann Staudinger in 1907 by reaction of the Schiff base of aniline and benzaldehyde with diphenylketene in a cycloaddition:

Exhaled CO < sub > 2 </ sub >( g ) depletes CO < sub > 2 </ sub >( aq ) which in turn consumes H < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub > causing the aforementioned shift left in the first reaction by Le Chatelier's principle.

In this case, one has to use the hydroboration – oxidation reaction, where in the first step, the boron atom acts as electrophile and adds to the less substituted carbon atom.

It is uncertain where it was first discovered that a combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture ( see also: Pozzolanic reaction ), but concrete made from such mixtures was first used by the Ancient Macedonians and three centuries later on a large scale by Roman engineers.

On December 2, 1942, physicist Enrico Fermi conducted the world's first controlled nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project.

The first was developed by the Badische Anilin-& Soda-Fabrik ( BASF ) and is based on the Wittig reaction with Wittig himself as patent holder:

The first substantial amounts of metallic americium weighing 40 – 200 micrograms were not prepared until 1951 by reduction of americium ( III ) fluoride with barium metal in high vacuum at 1100 ° C.

The methods first used — fractional crystallization of ammonium fluoride salts or the fractionated distillation of the chloride — have not proven suitable for an industrial-scale production.

In addition to his joint recognition for the discovery of oxygen, Scheele is argued to have been the first to discover other chemical elements such as barium ( 1774 ), manganese ( 1774 ), molybdenum ( 1778 ), and tungsten ( 1781 ), as well as several chemical compounds, including citric acid, lactic acid, glycerol, hydrogen cyanide ( also known, in aqueous solution, as prussic acid ), hydrogen fluoride, and hydrogen sulfide.

* Hydrogen fluoride gas was for the first time detected in interstellar gas clouds.

At first it used stannous fluoride, marketed as " Fluoristan " ( this was also the original brand name it was sold under — it was later changed from " Fluoristan " to " Crest with Fluoristan ").

Baixo Guandu was the first Brazilian city to receive water treated with fluoride in 1953 in order to reduce the incidence of caries, especially among children.

Caries-inhibiting effects of fluoride were first seen in 1902 when fluoride in high concentrations was found to stain teeth and prevent tooth decay.

Since this discovery, work has been done by various groups to expand the scope of this reaction and to " fix " the issues with this first coupling, such as the need for fluoride activation of the organosilane.

The fluoride was administered during his first visit to the dentist, and the dental office was later found liable for the death.

As with the acetic acid reactions, both definitions work for the first example, where water is the solvent and hydronium ion is formed.

In 1927, the first mathematically complete quantum description of a simple chemical bond, i. e. that produced by one electron in the hydrogen molecular ion, H < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup >, was derived by the Danish physicist Oyvind Burrau.

The central atoms or ion and the donor atoms comprise the first coordination sphere.

Dysprosium was first identified in 1886 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion exchange techniques in the 1950s.

Dawn, the first NASA operational ( i. e., non-technology demonstration ) mission to use an ion drive for its primary propulsion, is currently on track to explore and orbit the large main-belt asteroids 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta.

The existence and mechanism for ion selectivity was first postulated in the 1960s by Clay Armstrong.

The first experiments with ion thrusters were carried out by Goddard at Clark University from 1916 – 1917.

After entering the grid system via the plasma sheath the ions are accelerated due to the potential difference between the first and second grid ( named screen and accelerator grid ) to the final ion energy of typically 1-2 keV, thereby generating the thrust.

Thus, there are two dissociation constants, the first one for the dissociation into the bicarbonate ( also called hydrogen carbonate ) ion HCO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >−</ sup >:

* 1951-Erwin Wilhelm Müller invents the field ion microscope and is the first to see atoms.

* 1967-Erwin Wilhelm Müller adds time-of-flight spectroscopy to the field ion microscope, making the first atom probe and allowing the chemical identification of each individual atom.

* 1998-US Deep Space 1 is first deep space mission to use an ion thruster for propulsion

* 1951 – Individual atoms seen for the first time using the field ion microscope

The first solvation shell of a sodium ion dissolved in water

New evidence derived from the first crystal structure of a group II intron suggests that the spliceosome is actually a ribozyme, and that it uses a two – metal ion mechanism for catalysis.

In the first step, the nucleophilic double bond attacks the mercury ion, ejecting an acetoxy group.

In the third step, the negatively charged acetoxy ion that was expelled in the first step attacks a hydrogen of the water group, forming the waste product HOAc.

The NMR spectrum established that it was non-classically bridged ( the first stable non-classical ion observed ).

The first purified preparation of yeast CCP dates to Takashi Yonetani and his preparation by ion exchange chromatography in the early 1960s.

The first intein was discovered in 1988 through sequence comparison between the Neurospora crassa and carrot vacuolar ATPase ( without intein ) and the homologous gene in yeast ( with intein ) that was first described as a putative calcium ion transporter.

The first solvation shell of a sodium ion dissolved in water

Dawn uses ion propulsion, allowing it to be the first spacecraft to orbit two bodies ( excluding Earth and the Sun ) in one mission.

In molecular calculations a similar approach is sometimes used by first calculating the wave function for a positive ion and then to use these orbitals as the starting point for the neutral molecule.