For example, IUPAC has, since 1982, defined standard reference conditions as being 0 ° C and 100 kPa ( 1 bar ), in contrast to their old standard of 0 ° C and 101. 325 kPa ( 1 atm ).< ref name =" IUPAC 2 ">

The Roman numeral names are the original traditional names of the groups ; the Arabic numeral names are those recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) to replace the old names in an attempt to reduce the confusion generated by the two older, but mutually confusing, schemes.

There is considerable confusion surrounding the two old systems in use ( old IUPAC and CAS ) that combined the use of Roman numerals with letters.

In the old IUPAC system the letters A and B were designated to the left ( A ) and right ( B ) part of the table, while in the CAS system the letters A and B were designated to main group elements ( A ) and transition elements ( B ).

The old IUPAC system was frequently used in Europe while the CAS was most common in America.

In the old IUPAC and CAS systems, it was called Group IVB and Group IVA, respectively.

" Group 8 " is the new IUPAC name for this group ; the old style name was " group VIIIA " in the old European system or " group VIIIB " in the old US system.

In organic chemistry, amyl is the old trivial name for the alkyl substituent and radical called pentyl under the IUPAC nomenclature: that is ,-C < sub > 5 </ sub > H < sub > 11 </ sub >.

The GFA appealed to the world's highest sporting court, the Court of Arbitration for Sport ( CAS ), which in 2003 ruled that the GFA application should be handled according to the old statute.

Writing to his colleague George Herbert Palmer -- `` Glorious old Palmer '', as he addresses him -- James says that if only the students at Harvard could really understand Royce, Santayana, Palmer, and himself and see that their varying systems are `` so many religions, ways of fronting life, and worth fighting for '', then Harvard would have a genuine philosophic universe.

* MESS, an emulator of old Apple-1 systems

For instance, on newer MS Windows computers, the older FAT-type file systems of MS-DOS and old versions of Windows are supported, in addition to the NTFS file system that is the normal file system for recent versions of Windows.

These models were popular in the 1960s, 1970s, but nowadays can be found primarily in old legacy systems.

Electronic catalogue databases are criticized by some who believe that the old card catalogue system was both easier to navigate and allowed retention of information, by writing directly on the cards, that is lost in the electronic systems.

This led to the armies of the Qin gaining a critical edge over the other nations that adhered to old aristocratic systems of government.

Newsgroups are much like the public message boards on old bulletin board systems.

These changes came starting from VIN 1001, which means that the first thousand ' 86's had the old brakes, but later cars had the later systems.

Several methods exist to aid the design of real-time systems, an example of which is MASCOT, an old but very successful method which represents the concurrent structure of the system.

Most modern roofs and many old ones have systems of valleys, gutters, waterspouts, waterheads and drainpipes to remove the water from the vicinity of the building.

Today, Roman law is no longer applied in legal practice, even though the legal systems of some states like South Africa and San Marino are still based on the old Ius Commune.

Nowadays most developed countries have systems to provide pensions on retirement in old age, which may be sponsored by employers and / or the state.

The practice of keeping old source tarballs and downloading patches for updates allows Sorcerer systems to be updated using less bandwidth than distributions that provide pre-compiled packages.

E-mail systems frequently have batch jobs that periodically archive and compress old messages.

Despite using old systems of classification that incorrectly separated plantains as a different species solely because of their culinary use, they are now known to belong to the same species as dessert bananas.

Digital systems are inherently less susceptible than the old analog systems, and also offer far easier ways ( such as software ) to implement highly sophisticated protection measures.

) Multiplexing in this sense is sometimes known as MPX, which in turn is also an old term for stereophonic FM, seen on stereo systems since the 1960s.

For such reasons, some industrial UPS management systems recommend periodic replacement of entire battery arrays potentially using hundreds of expensive batteries, due to these damaging interactions between new batteries and old batteries, within and across series and parallel strings.

Today, there remains contention as to whether the mistake was the fault of the workers on-site, their parent company, or even the claim that maps provided by the city of Chicago failed to accurately depict the old tunnel systems.

The exponential distribution is however not appropriate to model the overall lifetime of organisms or technical devices, because the " failure rates " here are not constant: more failures occur for very young and for very old systems.

When these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both the old and new systems.

Many light rail systems — even fairly old ones — have a combination of the two, with both on-road and off-road sections.

Despite the increased cost, the more modern variation ( which can be considered as " heavier " than old streetcar systems, even though it is called " light rail ") is the dominant form of urban rail development in the United States.

In technical and development circles the old restricted sense of an OS persists because of the continued active development of embedded operating systems for all kinds of devices with a data-processing component, from hand-held gadgets up to industrial robots and real-time control-systems, which do not run user applications at the front-end.

He was too old -- when he passed up and through the corridor of pines that lined the trail he could see ahead, he was passing from life.

It was pitiful to see the thin ranks of warriors, old and young, wheeling and twisting their ponies frantically from side to side only to be tumbled bleeding from their saddles by the relentless slam, slam of the cruelly efficient Hawkinses.

He was in earnest conversation with her father and the old vaquero, Luis Hernandez.

He'd put on his old brown corduroy coat and it was already soaked.

Forced to realize that this was the end of a very short line I scanned a road marker and discovered what the end of a slightly longer line would be for the old Mexican: Moriarty, New Mexico.

The car was just about to us, its driver's fat, solemn face intent on the road ahead, on business, on a family in Sante Fe -- on anything but an old pick-up truck in which two human beings desperately needed rescue.

I was standing beside her, watching the outspread palms and wondering about the old horsehair sofa against the wall on which he sometimes napped.

The Bonaventure was quivering and lurching like an old spavined mare.

For an anthropologist, loquacious old L'Turu was a mine of information.

The story was shaping up nicely in his mind: the young pioneer, as of old, altruistically braving the unknown ; ;

To Tilghman the incident was just one of a long list of hair-raising, smash-'em-down adventures on the side of the law which started in 1872 when he was only eighteen years old, and did not end till fifty years later when he was shot dead after warning a drunk to be quiet.

He was about 50 years old.

`` Oh he was stupid, her old man!!

for another, it was here that one of the old caravan routes came in.

But I suspect that the old Roman was referring to change made under military occupation -- the sort of change which Tacitus was talking about when he said, `` They make a desert, and call it peace '' ( `` Solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant ''.

On his father's side he was of German descent, on his mother's he came of the old Swedish nobility.

Strindberg's remedy for this condition was to tear down the old structures and build anew from the ground up.

At this period the thirty-year old Helion was ranked `` as one of the mature leaders of the modern movement '', according to Herbert Read, `` and in the direct line of descent from Cezanne, Seurat, Gris and Leger ''.

Only what else was she singing but the old Song of Songs, that most ancient of tunes that nature plays with such unfailing response upon young nerves??

It was much more fun, reminding the girls of their old carefree days in the Hasseltine frolics room at Bradford.

He had worked in the newspaper business since he was nineteen years old, always for the Hearst service.