In computer operating systems, paging is one of the memory-management schemes by which a computer can store and retrieve data from secondary storage for use in main memory.

There was also an early virtual memory scheme, which attempted to solve the issue by making more memory available by paging unused portions to disk, but for most users with 68K Macintoshes, this did nothing but slow everything down without solving the memory problems themselves.

* Demand paging, a " lazy " paging scheme

In this case, a more complex scheme such as memory segmentation or paging is employed to use different parts of the memory at different times.

VM86 mode uses a segmentation scheme identical to that of real mode ( for compatibility reasons ) which creates 20-bit linear addresses in the same manner as 20-bit physical addresses are created in real mode, but are subject to protected mode's memory paging mechanism.

In compliance with the government ’ s telecommunications program, Smart established a local exchange service in the cities and provinces assigned to it under the “ service area scheme .” The Company also obtained licenses to provide international gateway, paging and inter-carrier transmission services.

The 80386 added a 32-bit architecture and a paging translation unit, which made it much easier to implement operating systems that used virtual memory.

In the traditional monolithic operating systems the authors had direct experience with which parts of the kernel called which others, allowing them to fine tune their pager to avoid paging out code that was about to be used.

TSOS was the first mainframe, demand paging, virtual memory operating system on the market.

However, loading segment descriptors was an expensive operation, causing operating system designers to rely strictly on paging rather than a combination of paging and segmentation.

When a reference is made to a page by the hardware, if the page table entry for the page indicates that it is not currently in real memory, the hardware raises a page fault exception, invoking the paging supervisor component of the operating system.

Segments can be moved in and out of that space ; pages there can " page " in and out of main memory, providing two levels of virtual memory ; few if any operating systems do so, instead using only paging.

*" Time-Sharing Supervisor Programs " by Michael T. Alexander in Advanced Topics in Systems Programming, University of Michigan Engineering Summer Conference 1970 ( revised May 1971 ), compares the scheduling and resource allocation approaches, including virtual memory and paging, used in four mainframe operating systems: CP-67, TSS / 360, MTS, and Multics.

Notable features of this operating system were its support of demand paging, diskless workstations, multiprocessing, asynchronous I / O, the ability to mount processes ( handlers ) on directories in the file system, and message passing.

* Having a separate area for operating system virtual memory swapping / paging.

Even this first BS2000 version supported disk paging and three different operating modes in the same system: interactive dialog, batch, and transaction mode, a precursor of Online Transaction Processing ( OLTP mode ).

The protected mode segmentation system, present in the 80286 and later x86 CPUs, can be used to enforce separation of unprivileged processes, but most 32-bit operating systems uses the paging mechanism introduced with the 80386 for this purpose instead.

It allows system software to use features such as virtual memory, paging and safe multi-tasking designed to increase an operating system's control over application software.

However, in a virtual memory system, the operating system handles all paging operations: the programmer, for the most part, does not have to consider this.

The earliest paging systems did not use virtual memory address spaces ; instead, the operating system would explicitly load individual modules of itself as needed, overwriting less needed ones ( the memory available for the operating system was much smaller than the operating system ).

However, many modern operating systems implement their memory access-control schemes via paging instead of segmentation, so it is often the case that invalid memory references in operating systems such as Windows are reported via page faults instead of general protection faults.

While it is theoretically possible for an operating system to utilize both paging and segmentation, for the most part, common operating systems typically rely on paging for the bulk of their memory access control needs.

These sirens can also be tied into other networks such as a fire departments volunteer notification / paging system.

With such an addition, every program on the system would have paging support invisibly, making it much easier to do any sort of programming on the machine.

This would require a re-write of TOPS to support the paging system, and this seemed like a major problem.

BBN once again attempted to get DEC to support a full hardware paging system, but instead DEC decided on a much simpler system.

Also Windows Vista handles memory management and paging ( to system memory and to disk ), which is a necessity in order to support a large number of execution contexts with their own resources.

The paging channel frame time is 20 ms, and is time aligned to the IS-95 system ( i. e. GPS ) 2-second roll-over.

The modulation system was based on that used in a Swedish paging system and the baseband coding was a new design, mainly developed by the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) and the IRT.

As with modern computers, paging data between system memory and a hard disk is inherently slower than using an equivalent amount of physical RAM, an effect which was compounded by the lack of " burst " transfer modes and overall slower performance on the hard disks of that era.

But by using this paging system that had become popular in the 1980s Raina Fortini realized in principle, it could include some text as well by simply turning the " beeper " upside down.

An electronic paging system is also installed in each room.

Telecom Éireann established Eirpage, a national paging system in Ireland.

** The act of paging, a method of data retrieval

More specifically, PCS refers to any of several types of wireless voice and / or wireless data communications systems, typically incorporating digital technology, providing services similar to advanced cellular mobile or paging services.

Described in more commercial terms, PCS is a generation of wireless-phone technology that combines a range of features and services surpassing those available in analog-and digital-cellular phone systems, providing a user with an all-in-one wireless phone, paging, messaging, and data service.

The commercial gateway in Tempe, Arizona, provides voice, data, and paging services for commercial customers on a global basis.

The 50 ohm version is widely used in the infrastructure of land mobile, wireless data, paging and cellular systems.

Shadow paging is also similar to purely functional data structures, in that in-place updates are avoided.

More advanced systems may be integrated with a company ’ s PABX, with a call center ACD for automatic call distribution ; with mobile or paging terminals for message alert ; and computer systems / data bases for delivering information or processing orders.

# Windows 2000, XP, and Vista offer the registry setting, which controls whether kernel-mode code and data can be eligible for paging out.

Unlike memory management by " paging ", data is not exchanged with a mass storage device like disk memory.

Started as a wireless paging and GSM mobile operator, it currently provides a wide range of services including nationwide GSM mobile network, long-distance, local calling, data communication, Internet services and IP telephony in mainland China, and has operated a CDMA network in Macau since 18 October 2006.

Likewise, if an application is trusted, but its paging / caching is affected by branching logic, it may be possible for a second application to determine the values of the data compared to the branch condition by monitoring access time changes ; in extreme examples, this can allow recovery of cryptographic key bits.

This interface allows paging and station availability when it performs data transfer.

In computer science, the term thrashing is a colloquialism normally used to describe a computer whose virtual memory subsystem is in a constant state of paging, rapidly exchanging data in memory for data on disk, to the exclusion of most application-level processing.

Although theoretically these are general-purpose data structures, the implementation may select memory for alignment or paging characteristics, which are not otherwise accessible in Java.

While originally intended for program-associated data, it can also be used for datacasting purposes including paging and dGPS.

Because LOADALL did not perform any checks on the validity of the data loaded into processor registers, it was possible to load a processor state which could not be normally entered, such as using real mode ( PE = 0 ) together with paging ( PG = 1 ) on 386 class CPUs.

MonetDB internal data representation is memory-based, relying on the huge memory addressing ranges of contemporary CPUs using demand paging, and thus departing from traditional DBMS designs involving complex management of large data stores in limited memory.