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poem and Beowulf
Beowulf (; in Old English or ) is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.
Beowulf is considered an epic poem in that the main character is a hero who travels great distances to prove his strength at impossible odds against supernatural demons and beasts.
Jane Chance ( Professor of English, Rice University ) in her 1980 article " The Structural Unity of Beowulf: The Problem of Grendel's Mother " argued that there are two standard interpretations of the poem: one view which suggests a two-part structure ( i. e., the poem is divided between Beowulf's battles with Grendel and with the dragon ) and the other, a three-part structure ( this interpretation argues that Beowulf's battle with Grendel's mother is structurally separate from his battle with Grendel ).
Gale Owen-Crocker ( Professor of Anglo-Saxon, University of Manchester ) in The Four Funerals in Beowulf ( 2000 ) argues that a passage in the poem, commonly known as “ The Lay of the Last Survivor ” ( lines 2247 – 66 ), is an additional funeral.
It has also been argued that this is the third part of the poem since it describes the settings during the time lapse before the final battle between Beowulf and the Dragon.
Similarly, in 1971, Alistair Campbell stated that the apologue technique used in Beowulf is so infrequent in the epic tradition aside from when Virgil uses it that the poet who composed Beowulf could not have written the poem in such a manner without first coming across Virgil's writings.
Kevin Kiernan, professor of English at the University of Kentucky, is foremost in the computer digitalisation and preservation of the manuscript ( the Electronic Beowulf Project ), using fibre-optic backlighting to further reveal lost letters of the poem.
The poem appears in what is today called the Beowulf manuscript or Nowell Codex ( British Library MS Cotton Vitellius A. xv ), along with other works.
The Beowulf manuscript was transcribed from an original by two scribes, one of whom wrote the first 1939 lines and a second who wrote the remainder, so the poem up to line 1939 is in one handwriting, whilst the rest of the poem is in another.
Kiernan argues against an 8th-century provenance because this would still require that the poem be transmitted by Anglo-Saxons through the Viking Age, holds that the paleographic and codicological evidence encourages the belief that Beowulf is an 11th-century composite poem, and states that Scribe A and Scribe B are the authors and that Scribe B is the more poignant of the two.
M. H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt assert in their introduction to Beowulf in the Norton Anthology of English Literature that, " The poet was reviving the heroic language, style, and pagan world of ancient Germanic oral poetry it is now widely believed that Beowulf is the work of a single poet who was a Christian and that his poem reflects well-established Christian tradition.
Larry Benson argued that the interpretation of Beowulf as an entirely formulaic work diminishes the ability of the reader to analyze the poem in a unified manner, and with due attention to the poet ’ s creativity.
There are in Beowulf rather more than thirty-one hundred distinct words, and almost thirteen hundred occur exclusively, or almost exclusively, in this poem and in the other poetical texts.
An Old English poem such as Beowulf is very different from modern poetry.
Some dragons are said to breathe fire or to be poisonous, such as in the Old English poem Beowulf.
Those dialects came to be known as Englisc ( literally " Anglish "), the language today referred to as Anglo-Saxon or Old English ( the language of the poem Beowulf ).
The Jutes have also been identified with the Eotenas ( ēotenas ) involved in the Frisian conflict with the Danes as described in the Finnesburg episode in the poem Beowulf ( lines 1068 – 1159 ).
Among the most important works of this period is the poem Beowulf, which has achieved national epic status in England.
Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem ; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history ; the Franks Casket, an early whalebone artefact ; and Caedmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem.

poem and hero
`` The hero of his next poem is Napoleon Bonaparte '', said Claire, with slightly overdone carelessness.
With this derivation, the name would have a double meaning in the poem: When the hero is functioning rightly, his men bring grief to the enemy, but when wrongly, his men get the grief of war.
Beowulf's funeral is the fourth fitt of the poem and acts as an epilogue for the hero who is the " most gracious and fair-minded, kindest to his people and keenest to win fame.
The debate might be framed starkly as follows: on the one hand, we can hypothesise a poem put together from various tales concerning the hero ( the Grendel episode, the Grendel's mother story, and the firedrake narrative ).
In 1903, Bartók wrote his first major orchestral work, Kossuth, a symphonic poem which honored Lajos Kossuth, hero of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
The smith hero Völundr is identified as ' Ruler of Elves ' ( vísi álfa ) and ' One among the Elven Folk ' ( álfa ljóði ), in the poem Völundarkviða, whose later prose introduction also identifies him as the son of a king of ' Finnar ', an Arctic people respected for their shamanic magic ( most likely, the sami ).
Edwin Booth's Hamlet was described as " like the dark, mad, dreamy, mysterious hero of a poem ... in an ideal manner, as far removed as possible from the plane of actual life ".
In the poem, Fjölsviðr describes to the hero Svipdagr that Sinmara keeps the weapon Lævateinn within a chest, locked with nine strong locks ( due to significant translation differences, two translations of the stanza are provided here ):
In stanza 8 of the poem Fjölsvinnsmál, Svafrþorinn is stated as the father of Menglöð by an unnamed mother, who the hero Svipdagr seeks.
The poem mainly centers on the Greek hero Odysseus ( or Ulysses, as he was known in Roman myths ) and his journey home after the fall of Troy.
Odysseus ( or ; Greek:, Odusseus ), also known by the Roman name Ulysses (; ), was the perhaps fictional Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's epic poem the Odyssey.
While at Disney in 1982, Burton made his first short, Vincent, a six-minute black-and-white stop motion film based on a poem written by the filmmaker, and depicting a young boy who fantasizes that he is his ( and Burton's ) hero Vincent Price, with Price himself providing narration.
In stanza 38 of the poem Helgakviða Hundingsbana II, the hero Helgi Hundingsbane dies and goes to Valhalla.
He attempts this by expounding the philosophical system of Epicurus, whom Lucretius glorifies as the hero of his epic poem.
Tromp, a " sea hero ", was immensely popular with the common people, a sentiment expressed by the greatest of Dutch poets, Joost van den Vondel in a famous poem describing his marble grave monument in Delft showing the admiral on his moment of death with a burning British fleet on the foreground:
The name " Beowulf " comes from the main character in the Old English epic poem Beowulf, which was bestowed by Sterling because the eponymous hero is described as having " thirty men's heft of grasp in the gripe of his hand ".
In the poem, the valkyrie Sigrdrífa provides mystical lore about runes to the hero Sigurd.
In the poem Helgakviða Hundingsbana I, the hero Helgi Hundingsbane sits in the corpse-strewn battlefield of Logafjöll.
Later in the poem, the hero Sinfjötli flyts with Guðmundr.
In the prose introduction to the poem Sigrdrífumál, the hero Sigurd rides up to Hindarfell and heads south towards " the land of the Franks ".
In stark contrast to Kipling's later poem " The White Man's Burden ," Gunga Din is named after the native, and portrays the native Indian as the hero while the British soldiers are portrayed as callous and shallow, and ultimately inferior to Gunga Din.
Beowulf is an Old English heroic poem where the hero ( Beowulf ) engages in battles with antagonists.
Homer also confirmed Hypnos and Thanatos as twin brothers in his epic poem, the Iliad, where they were charged by Zeus via Apollo with the swift delivery of the slain hero Sarpedon to his homeland of Lycia.

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