Large packets are also problematic in the presence of communications errors.

ADM provides robust performance in the presence of bit errors meaning error detection and correction are not typically used in an ADM radio design, this allows for a reduction in host processor workload ( allowing a low-cost processor to be used ). adaptive delta modulation

A code with this ability to reconstruct the original message in the presence of errors is known as an error-correcting code.

The presence of ISI in the system introduces errors in the decision device at the receiver output.

Algorithms based on row or column reduction, that is, Gaussian elimination, presented in introductory linear algebra textbooks and in the preceding sections of this article are not suitable for a practical computation of the null space because of numerical accuracy problems in the presence of rounding errors.

His work is still regarded as being generally accurate despite the presence of some errors, but it neglects important manuscripts including the Abisha Scroll which had not yet been published at the time.

Learning in the presence of malicious errors.

A further refinement makes Maven's endgame solutions asymptotically optimal even in the presence of errors.

The true uncertainty in the parameters is larger due to the presence of systematic errors which, by definition, cannot be quantified.

The possible existence of heteroscedasticity is a major concern in the application of regression analysis, including the analysis of variance, because the presence of heteroscedasticity can invalidate statistical tests of significance that assume that the modelling errors are uncorrelated and normally distributed and that their variances do not vary with the effects being modelled.

Duration of fasting, presence or absence of hepatomegaly and Kussmaul breathing provide clues to the differential diagnosis of hyperglycemia in the inborn errors of metabolism.

This will explain the presence of innumerable typographical & other errors.

* the presence of errors, flaws, fabrication, offensive content, or plagiarism ( sometimes preceded by a recall ).

Hahn posed as an adult scientist or professor to gain the trust of many professionals in letters, despite the presence of misspellings and obvious errors in his letters to them.

As a result bit errors may be expected in typical transmissions, and while harmless for voice communication, the presence of such errors force the use of stream ciphers, which can tolerate bit errors, and prevents the use of a standard technique, message authentication codes ( MACs ), to protect message integrity from stream cipher attacks.

Bacar said that on this occasion that he intended to stay there for as long as his presence was allowed, and he expressed a desire to " reflect on our past errors ".

* In order to decode in the presence of more than errors, list-decoding or maximum likelihood decoding can be used.

) After these factors have been taken into account, deviations between the observed arrival times and predictions made using these parameters can be found and attributed to one of three possibilities: intrinsic variations in the spin period of the pulsar, errors in the realization of Terrestrial Time against which arrival times were measured, or the presence of background gravitational waves.

If no pattern in a series of repeated measurements is evident, the presence of fixed systematic errors can only be found if the measurements are checked, either by measuring a known quantity or by comparing the readings with readings made using a different apparatus, known to be more accurate.

Clinomorphism, whilst being a linguistic behaviour which exemplifies particular " errors " and deliberate misrepresentations, may also be a natural tendency in the sense that it is potentially an understandable consequence of the need to abbreviate or to simply use a clinomorphism as a metaphor to convey an otherwise difficult to describe idea, in much the same way as anthropomorphism might be ( where we attribute the characteristics or presence of a mind to inanimate objects, purely for ease of description of a particular phenomenon, rather than as a result of holding a genuinely animistic or pantheistic belief ).

An investigation by the Interstate Commerce Commission ( ICC ) attributed the cause of the accident to several factors, notably serious errors by the No. 4 crew and tower operators, all of whom failed to properly account for the presence of the No. 1 train on the line.

* Making reliable distributed systems in the presence of hardware errors ( thesis, pdf, long )

The presence of other generalized non-cercopithecids of middle Miocene age from sites far distant — Otavipithecus from cave deposits in Namibia, and Pierolapithecus and Dryopithecus from France, Spain and Austria — is evidence of a wide diversity of forms across Africa and the Mediterranean basin during the relatively warm and equable climatic regimes of the early and middle Miocene.

In the presence of an electric field E, the conserved generalized Laplace – Runge – Lenz vector is

Summer is hot and dry, with a mild and rainy winter with Snow quite rarely and only in the presence of a marked generalized cold.

E. Kuzovlev ( see Bibliography ) proposed a generalized version of the Fluctuation-Dissipation relations which holds in the presence of arbitrary external time-dependent forces.

There is an extraordinary sense of presence in all of these recordings, apparently obtained at least in part by emphasizing the middle and high frequencies.

For example kidney beans are toxic when raw or improperly cooked, due to the presence of phytohaemagglutinin which can be inactivated after cooking for at least ten minutes at 100 ° C.

Thus in the presence of large quantum computers an n-bit key can provide at least n / 2 bits of security.

At least one of the two grandees was a retainer of the Ji family, although according to probably both were, but they were unable to refuse the orders while in the presence of the duke, viscounts, and court.

Carboxylic acids () are organic acids characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group.

London gin-London gin is obtained exclusively from ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin with a maximum methanol content of 5 grams per hectolitre of 100 % ABV equivalent, whose flavour is introduced exclusively through the re-distillation in traditional stills of ethyl alcohol in the presence of all the natural plant materials used, the resultant distillate of which is at least 70 % ABV.

In August 2010, a European astronomical team working at the La Silla Observatory in Chile announced that they had confirmed the presence of at least five planets orbiting the star HD 10180 in Hydrus.

The presence of paracetamol in hydrocodone-containing products allegedly deters many users, at least in theory, from taking excessive amounts.

According to Gerald Donaldson, " some thought title owed more to stealth than skill, an opinion at least partly based on Brabham's low-key presence.

• The molecular length should be at least 1. 3 nm, consistent with the presence of long alkyl group on many room-temperature liquid crystals.

Take presence information as an example where each person needs to keep at least one tree of its subscribers, if not several.

Mary's presence at the Crucifixion and Jesus ' tomb, has been suggested to be as at least consistent with the role of grieving wife and widow.

The presence of a subcutaneous air sac system in at least some pterodactyloids would have further reduced the density of the living animal.

Evidence of stone tools, pottery and stone weapons attest to at least 10, 000 years of human presence.

A Torah portion must be read publicly at least once every three days, in the halachically prescribed tune, in the presence of a congregation, which is the basis for Jewish communal life.

Irregularities in Vega's disk also suggest the presence of at least one planet, likely to be about the size of Jupiter, in orbit around Vega.

The presence of microlithic tools in Zanzibar attests to at least 50, 000 years of human occupation, which was the beginning of the Later Stone Age.

Arguments have been made for allowing diagnosis through the presence of some, but not all of the characteristics of DID rather than the current exclusive focus on the two least common and noticeable features.

The European edible frog appear a species, but is actually semi-permanent hybrids between pool frogs and marsh frogs, the edible frog population being dependent on the presence of at least one of the parents species to be maintained.

An SF signaling unit converts DC signaling ( usually, at least in long distance circuits, E & M signaling ) to a format ( characterized by the presence or absence of a single voice-frequency tone ), which is suitable for transmission over an AC path, e. g., a carrier system.

He also has the opportunity to directly influence it by using his veto to stop a bill ; however, his veto can be overruled by a three-fifths majority vote in the presence of at least half of the statutory number of members of the Sejm ( 230 ).

He seemed to regard the deputies of the Estates-General with at least respect: in a wave of self-important patriotism, members of the Estates refused to remove their hats in the King's presence, so Louis removed his to them.

Bukharin typically would admit only what was in his written confessions and refused to go any further ; at one point in the trial, when Vyshinsky asked him about a conspiracy to weaken Soviet military power, Bukharin responded " it was not discussed, at least in my presence ," at which point Vyshinsky dropped the question and moved to another topic.

By testing the samples from the spring water, the team was at least able to identify the substance's current presence at the site, giving them insight that a presumably larger quantity existed in the waters thousands of years earlier.