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subsurface and environment
Besides being more efficient in the utilization of the applied nutrients, slow-release technologies also reduce the impact on the environment and the contamination of the subsurface water.
When sedimentary strata accumulate through time, the environment can shift, forming a change in facies in the subsurface at one location.
This environment, highly acidic and devoid of oxygen, denies the prevalent subsurface aerobic organisms any opportunity to initiate decomposition.
The subsurface environment of El Dorado Hills is relatively free of groundwater and soil contamination, based upon an areawide analysis of the potential for pesticide contamination and evaluation of underground storage tanks.
# Inspecting sites, analysing factors such as climate, soil, flora, fauna, surface and subsurface water and drainage ; and consulting with clients and making recommendations regarding methods of work and sequences of operations for projects related to the landscape and built environment.
Finite Element programs are more flexible in design ( triangular elements vs. the block elements most finite difference models use ) and there are some programs available ( SUTRA, a 2D or 3D density-dependent flow model by the USGS ; Hydrus, a commercial unsaturated flow model ; FEFLOW, a commercial modeling environment for subsurface flow, solute and heat transport processes ; OpenGeoSys, a scientific open-source project for thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical ( THMC ) processes in porous and fractured media ; and COMSOL Multiphysics ( FEMLAB ) a commercial general modeling environment ), but unless they are gaining in importance they are still not as popular in with practicing hydrogeologists as MODFLOW is.
Transition zone seismic crews will often work on land, in the transition zone and in the shallow water marine environment on a single project in order to obtain a complete map of the subsurface.
* International Tunneling and Underground Space Association, an organization founded in 1974, comprising currently 55 member nations and 284 affiliate members, aiming to encourage the use of the subsurface for the benefit of public, environment and sustainable development, and to promote advances in planning, design, construction, maintenance and safety of tunnels and underground space
The primary advantage of biostimulation is that bioremediation will be undertaken by already present native microorganisms that are well-suited to the subsurface environment, and are well distributed spatially within the subsurface.
# Several petrological investigations such as ore petrological work on selected metalliferous deposits for unravelling the environment for ore-forming process, analysis of subsurface sediments and water in arsenic-affected areas to mitigate the arsenic pollution problem are some of the studies being pursued in the Department.
In the subsurface environment, < sup > 36 </ sup > Cl is generated primarily as a result of neutron capture by < sup > 35 </ sup > Cl or muon capture by < sup > 40 </ sup > Ca.

subsurface and is
is created from the neutron spallation of as a result of subsurface nuclear explosions.
Much of the ACC transport is carried in this front, which is defined as the latitude at which a subsurface salinity minimum or a thick layer of unstratified Subantarctic Mode Water first appears, allowed by temperature dominating density stratification.
The group is found in England, northern France, the low countries, northern Germany, Denmark and in the subsurface of the southern part of the North Sea.
This is believed to be the cause of the recent appearance of large sinkholes along the western shore — incoming freshwater dissolves salt layers, rapidly creating subsurface cavities that subsequently collapse to form these sinkholes.
The master horizon, E, is used for subsurface horizons that have a significant loss of minerals ( eluviation ).
The Mariana Trench is a site chosen by researchers at Washington University and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 2012 for a seismic survey to investigate the subsurface water cycle.
Processing of ore from a lode mine, whether it is a surface or subsurface mine, requires that the rock ore be crushed and pulverized before extraction of the valuable minerals begins.
( Most of the elongated triangular continental mass of Zealandia is a subsurface plateau.
It is similar in principle and action to subsurface drip irrigation.
Corrosion is mainly due to abiotic factors ; however, at least 20 % of corrosion is caused by microorganisms that are attached to the metal subsurface ( i. e., microbially-influenced corrosion ).
Although Triton is made of various ices, its subsurface processes are similar to those that produce volcanoes and rift valleys on Earth, but with water and ammonia lavas as opposed to liquid rock.
The study of sedimentary rocks and rock strata provides information about the subsurface that is useful for civil engineering, for example in the construction of roads, houses, tunnels, canals or other constructions.
It is a common mineral in the Earth's subsurface but weathers quickly on the surface.
More usual is that the pore spaces of rocks in the subsurface are simply saturated with water — like a kitchen sponge — which can be pumped out for agricultural, industrial, or municipal uses.
For salinity control in such a case, annually an amount of drainage water is to be discharged from the aquifer by means of a subsurface drainage system and disposed of through a safe outlet.
The precious opal is hosted and found within a subsurface horizon or zone of hard bentonite in-place which is considered a " lode " deposit.
Subsequent discoveries have shown that Ganymede's crust is actually almost 90 % ice or frost, covering a subsurface ocean.
In geophysics the refraction or reflection of seismic waves is used for research into the structure of the Earth's interior, and man made vibrations are often generated to investigate shallow, subsurface structures.
" The actual decision is left to the United Nations Organization Mars Authority ( UNOMA ), which greenlights terraforming, and a series of actions get underway, including the drilling of " moholes " to release subsurface heat ; thickening of the atmosphere according to a complicated bio-chemical formula that comes to be known as the " Russell cocktail " after Sax Russell ; and the detonation of nuclear explosions deep in the sub-surface permafrost to release water.
Image: PIA01130 Interior of Europa. jpg | Europa is believed to have a subsurface ocean

subsurface and also
; Cryptoendolith: An organism that lives in microscopic spaces within rocks, such as pores between aggregate grains ; these may also be called Endolith, a term that also includes organisms populating fissures, aquifers, and faults filled with groundwater in the deep subsurface.
In many cases, geologists also study modern soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers ; investigate past and current life and biogeochemical pathways, and use geophysical methods to investigate the subsurface.
Stratigraphers also analyze data from geophysical surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface.
Partially collapsed lava tubes are visible as chains of pit craters, and broad lava fans formed by lava emerging from intact, subsurface tubes are also common.
Because of the seasonal overflow of the numerous westward-flowing streams, the lowland areas of the Paraneña region also experience poor drainage conditions, particularly in the Ñeembucú Plain in the southwest, where an almost impervious clay subsurface prevents the absorption of excess surface water into the aquifer.
However, other variations are also possible, such as slab track where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface.
The BLM also manages of subsurface mineral estate underlying federal, state, and private lands.
* Production engineers, including subsurface engineers, manage the interface between the reservoir and the well, including perforations, sand control, downhole flow control, and downhole monitoring equipment ; evaluate artificial lift methods ; and also select surface equipment that separates the produced fluids ( oil, natural gas, and water ).
There are also abundant subsurface deposits of nonmetallic raw materials for ferrous metallurgy.
Formation of permafrost has significant consequences for ecological systems, primarily due to constraints imposed upon rooting zones, but also due to limitations on den and burrow geometries for fauna requiring subsurface homes.
The instrument was designed so that if the surface were liquid, the sounder would measure the speed of sound in the " ocean " and possibly also the subsurface structure ( depth ).
They can also occur from the overpumping and extraction of groundwater and subsurface fluids.
The HRT also has a specialized maritime team with additional maritime capabilities including subsurface diving, closed-circuit diving ( scuba gear that does not emit bubbles ), and combat swimming.
Just as the ocean surface rises over denser seamounts, the salt flat surface also rises and falls to reflect the subsurface density variations.
Trout also tend to " cruise " transitional areas ( e. g. dropoffs, weed bed edges, subsurface river flow at inlets, etc.
There is also evidence that liquid water may also exist in the subsurface of Jupiter's moon Europa.
In addition to its modeling and animation tools, the latest version of 3ds Max also features shaders ( such as ambient occlusion and subsurface scattering ), dynamic simulation, particle systems, radiosity, normal map creation and rendering, global illumination, a customizable user interface, and its own scripting language.
Migration of metal contaminants must also be considered whenever modifying subsurface oxidation-reduction potential.
An alternative subsurface drainage method is drainage by wells for which groundwater flow equations are also available.
He is best known for developing the photon mapping technique as the subject of his PhD thesis, but has also done important research in simulating subsurface scattering and the sky.
Flow as springs from deeper seated liquid water aquifers in the deeper subsurface is also possibly explains the formation of some Martian gullies.

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