The GNU Project chose the microkernel server – client architecture for the operating system, due to perceived advantages over the traditional Unix monolithic kernel architecture.

When Mach was first being seriously used in the 2. x versions, performance was slower than traditional monolithic operating systems, perhaps as much as 25 %.

This differs from the more traditional monolithic kernel, in which the operating system is a single very large program composed of a huge number of " parts " with special abilities.

The medieval monolithic churches of this 12th-century ' New Jerusalem ' are situated in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia near a traditional village.

Debian also released a traditional monolithic kernel distribution for PowerPC, as did SUSE, and Terra Soft Solutions with Yellow Dog Linux.

This makes modular designed systems, if built correctly, far more reusable than a traditional monolithic design, since all ( or many ) of these modules may then be reused ( without change ) in other projects.

K42 utilizes a microkernel architecture rather than the traditional monolithic kernel design.

The main goal of the kernel was to never crash prompting the original designers to implement it as a modular nanokernel instead of the traditional monolithic kernel of " traditional " operating systems.

This still differs from traditional full / incremental style backup products in that the files are stored separately or in smaller aggregates rather than as a monolithic image.

Although it can be used as a traditional networking system, Myrinet is often used directly by programs that " know " about it, thereby bypassing a call into the operating system.

WPS is an object-oriented shell allowing the user to perform traditional computing tasks such as accessing files, printers, launching legacy programs, and advanced object oriented tasks using built-in and third-party application objects that extended the shell in an integrated fashion not available on any other mainstream operating system.

Toward the end of the PDP-8 era, operating systems such as OS / 8 and COS-310 allowed a traditional line mode editor and command-line compiler development system using languages such as PAL-III assembly language, FORTRAN, BASIC, and DIBOL.

Rather, traditional social democrats advocated the creation of socialism through political reforms by operating within the existing political system of capitalism.

A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a traditional user interface for the Unix operating system and for Unix-like systems.

Threads differ from traditional multitasking operating system processes in that:

The traditional role of the operating room respiratory therapist has included providing technical support to the anesthesiologist for the proper use and maintenance of the anesthetic gas machine, in addition to also providing airway management.

Many North American transportation planners reserve streetcar for traditional vehicles that operate exclusively in mixed traffic on city streets, while they use light rail to refer to more modern vehicles operating mostly in exclusive rights of way, since they may operate both side-by-side targeted at different passenger groups ..

The manufacturer's instruction booklet should state the maximum operating pressure, possibly using different pressure units instead of the traditional " psi " rating.

Australians also have increasingly developed tastes for quality bread, with local stores such as Bakers Delight ( operating in parts of Canada as COBS bakery since 2003 ) & Brumby's Bakeries found across the country offering traditional European bread products and supermarkets reflecting the pattern.

Additional to the summer season, the park is also open during November and December, albeit with fewer rides operating, hosting a Christmas market with traditional Swedish cuisine such as mulled wine and specialties such as döner kebab made from reindeer meat.

Camden Lock is a regularly-used traditional manually-operated double canal lock operating between widely separated levels.

The Airbus A340-600HGW operating the six-hour flight ran on a 50 – 50 blend of synthetic gas-to-liquids ( GTL ) and conventional oil-based kerosene developed by Shell instead of traditional, purely oil-based aviation turbine fuel.

The rear-mounted lugs place the operating handle much closer to the operator, over the trigger, making it quicker to operate than traditional designs like the Mauser.

Laurence Kotlikoff ’ s “ limited purpose banking ” proposal rejects bank regulation ( based on rules and supervision to ensure “ safety and soundness ”) and replaces it with a prohibition on any company operating like a traditional “ bank .” All limited liability financial companies ( not only today ’ s “ banks ”) that receive money from the public for investment or “ lending ” and that issue promises to pay amounts in the future ( whether as insurance companies, hedge funds, securities firms, or otherwise ) could only issue obligations to repay amounts equal to the value of their assets.

It could reasonably be argued that too many routes were run in a traditional fashion, unchanged from Edwardian Britain, whereas radical changes in operating procedures would have greatly reduced the losses generated.

In practice, there are two bodies of evolutionary theory that exist in parallel, traditional population genetics operating in the genotype space and the biometric theory used in plant and animal breeding, operating in phenotype space.

The term rootkit is a concatenation of " root " ( the traditional name of the privileged account on Unix operating systems ) and the word " kit " ( which refers to the software components that implement the tool ).

GoboLinux is a free and open source operating system whose most prominent feature is a reorganization of the traditional Linux file system.

Modern Linux distributions include a directory as a virtual filesystem ( sysfs, comparable to, which is a procfs ), which stores and allows modification of the devices connected to the system, whereas many traditional UNIX and Unix-like operating systems use as a symbolic link to the kernel source tree.

If man is actually the product of his environment and if science can discover the laws of human nature and the ways in which environment determines what people do, then someone -- a someone probably standing outside traditional systems of values -- can turn around and develop completely efficient means for controlling people.

What is left to traditional systems of philosophy is, in effect, only the history of these fields prior to their becoming rigorous enough to abide by the canons of scientific method.

The idea that alternative mathematical systems might exist was very troubling to mathematicians of the 19th century and the developers of systems such as Boolean algebra made elaborate efforts to derive them from traditional arithmetic.

Although there are few examples of such systems competitive with traditional analysis techniques, potential advantages include size / portability, speed, and cost.

It was intended specifically for the new class of users that time-sharing systems allowed — that is, a less technical user who did not have the mathematical background of the more traditional users and was not interested in acquiring it.

As in other types of climbing, bouldering has developed its own grading systems for comparing the difficulty of problems, mainly because bouldering problems can be much harder than traditional rock climbing routes.

New alternatives to traditional ‘ sample-sense-compress ’ systems ( which sample a full resolution then compress ), provide efficient resource usage based on principles of compressed sensing.

The rigidity of the relational model, in which all data is held in tables with a fixed structure of rows and columns, has increasingly been seen as a limitation when handling information that is richer or more varied in structure than the traditional ' ledger-book ' data of corporate information systems: for example, document databases, engineering databases, multimedia databases, or databases used in the molecular sciences.

A traditional finger counting system still in use in many regions of Asia works in this way, and could help to explain the occurrence of numeral systems based on 12 and 60 besides those based on 10, 20 and 5.

The situation is further complicated by the traditional uses of the terms parallel and distributed algorithm that do not quite match the above definitions of parallel and distributed systems ; see the section Theoretical foundations below for more detailed discussion.

Many countries have growing electoral reform movements, which advocate systems such as approval voting, single transferable vote, instant runoff voting or a Condorcet method ; these methods are also gaining popularity for lesser elections in some countries where more important elections still use more traditional counting methods.

Expert systems offer many advantages for users when compared to traditional programs because they operate like a human brain ,.

While traditional mechanical or hydraulic control systems usually fail gradually, the loss of all flight control computers could immediately render the aircraft uncontrollable.

These same visible lines, accompanied by the emission lines of trivalent europium and trivalent terbium, and further accompanied by the emission continuum of divalent europium in the blue region, comprise the more discontinuous light emission of the modern trichromatic phosphor systems used in many compact fluorescent lamp and traditional lamps where better color rendition is a goal.

According to Jack Donnelly, in the ancient world, " traditional societies typically have had elaborate systems of duties ... conceptions of justice, political legitimacy, and human flourishing that sought to realize human dignity, flourishing, or well-being entirely independent of human rights.

In fact, the use of such joysticks is in such high demand, that it has virtually replaced the traditional mechanical control lever in nearly all modern hydraulic control systems.

The Dai Nippon Butoku Kai ( DNBK ) was established in 1895 to solidify, promote the ideals of " bushido " and preserve traditional systems of " bujutsu ".

: The kind of markup used by traditional word-processing systems: binary codes embedded in document text that produce the WYSIWYG effect.

In the 800's, it was decided that the system of matres lectionis did not suffice to indicate the vowels precisely enough, so a supplemental vowel pointing systems ( niqqud ) ( diacritic symbols indicating vowel pronunciation and other important phonological features not written by the traditional basic consonantal orthography ) joined matres lectionis as part of the Hebrew writing system.

Some martial arts are considered ' traditional ' and are tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modern systems developed either by a founder or an association.

The mid to late 19th century marks the beginning of the history of martial arts as modern sports developed out of earlier traditional fighting systems.

and continue to influence today's systems along with other traditional systems such as eskrima and silat.

:* Polymer properties, synthesis, and characterization, for a specialized understanding of how polymers behave, how they are made, and how they are characterized ; exciting applications of polymers include liquid crystal displays ( LCDs, the displays found in most cell phones, cameras, and iPods ), novel photovoltaic devices based on semiconductor polymers ( which, unlike the traditional silicon solar panels, are flexible and cheap to manufacture, albeit with lower efficiency ), and membranes for room-temperature fuel cells ( as proton exchange membranes ) and filtration systems in the environmental and biomedical fields