The Justice's elaborate examination of the legislative history of the provision in question suggests that Congress' purpose was merely to make unions suable.

This would satisfy what presumably was Congress' major purpose -- the suability of unions.

Leavitt, as he entered the jury room, said he was prepared to answer questions about the $12,500 his liquor firm paid to Stein for `` labor consultant work '' with five unions which organized Leavitt's workers.

Eighteenth-century England, upon whose customs our common law was built, had outlawed unions as monopolies and conspiracies.

It was most effective against trade unions.

The First Liberal government also established the basis of the later welfare state, with old age pensions, developed a system for settling industrial disputes, which was accepted by both employers and trade unions.

Colonel Zerbo also encountered resistance from trade unions and was overthrown two years later on November 7, 1982, by Major Dr. Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo and the Council of Popular Salvation ( CSP ).

Politically, the Sena was anti-communist, and wrested control of major trade unions in Mumbai from the Communist Party of India and demanded protection money ( extortion ) from mainly Gujarati and marwari business leaders.

It is the 1924 tour that is credited as being the first in which the team were referred to as " the Lions ", the irony being that it was on this tour that the single lion-rampant crest was replaced with the forerunner of the four-quartered badge with the symbols of the four represented unions, that is still worn today.

A return to New Zealand was accompanied by a desire to avoid the controversy of 1930 and so red replaced blue for the jersey with the resultant kit being that which is still worn today, the combination of red jersey, white shorts and green and blue socks, representing the four unions.

They believed that the Labour Party, which is partly funded by affiliated trade unions, was unable and unwilling to counter these developments and that Wilson was either a Soviet agent or at the very least a Communist sympathiser – claims Wilson strongly denied.

The crisis was amplified by trade unions ' initial opposition to any reforms.

Douglass ' stump speech for 25 years after the end of the Civil War was to emphasize work to counter the racism that was then prevalent in unions.

Arbenz together with Arévalo further promoted the progressive social change that characterized the latter's presidency, clearing much of the old restrictions on political parties and labour unions, while also purging the army brass of its remaining pro-Arana officers — one of whom was Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas ; a man who would play a major role in Guatemalan politics in the coming years.

He used his position on the board of directors of the Writers Guild of America, West on a number of occasions to mediate disputes between unions and the Hollywood studios, and although he was frequently accused by some on the right of championing the unions, he was valued by the studios as an effective mediator.

The period from 1933 to 1937 was characterized by the systematic elimination of non-Nazi organizations that could potentially influence people, such as trade unions and political parties.

Labor unions were banned and all political activity using violence or intimidation to achieve its goals was forbidden.

By Haitian standards, Magloire's rule was firm, but not harsh: he jailed political opponents, including Fignolé, and shut down their presses when their protests grew too strident, but he allowed labor unions to function, although they were not permitted to strike.

The CTH, the nation's largest trade confederation, was formed in 1964 by the nation's largest peasant organization, the National Association of Honduran Peasants ( Asociación Nacional de Campesinos de Honduras — Anach ), and by Honduran unions affiliated with the Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers ( Organización Regional Interamericana de Trabajadores — ORIT ), a hemispheric labor organization with close ties to the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations ( AFL-CIO ).

Although the conditions were ripe for industrial unrest — Communist influence in the union movement was then at its peak, and the right-wing faction in Cabinet was openly agitating for a showdown with the unions — the combination of strong economic growth and Holt's enlightened approach to industrial relations saw the number of working hours lost to strikes fall dramatically, from over two million in 1949 to just 439, 000 in 1958.

After a number of Western trade unions left it in 1949, as a result of disputes over support for the Marshall Plan, to form the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, the WFTU was made up primarily of unions affiliated with or sympathetic to Communist parties.

The WFTU has declined precipitously in the past twenty years since the fall of the Communist regimes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, with many of its former constituent unions joining the ICFTU.

Thanks in part to its success in organizing labor unions and its early opposition to fascism, the Communist Party of the United States ( CPUSA ) increased its membership through the 1930s, reaching a peak of about 75, 000 members in 1940 – 41.

Following the conclusion of the Expedition, Zhou was appointed special commissioner for the East River District, which placed him in temporary administrative control of several counties ; he apparently used this opportunity to establish a Communist party branch in Shantou and strengthen the CPC's control of local unions.

Political and moral support came mostly through the Communist Party and unions.

According to these documents, the main enemies of Italy were the Italian Communist Party ( PCI ) and the trade unions.

In October 1947, a list of suspected communists working in the Hollywood film industry were summoned to appear before the House Committee on Un-American Activities ( HUAC ), which was investigating Communist influence in the Hollywood labor unions.

He became active in the cause of preventing Communist infiltration in American unions.

The Taft – Hartley Act ( enacted in 1947 ) sought to ban political strikes by Communist-dominated labor unions by requiring all elected labor leaders to take an oath that they were not and have never been members of the Communist Party USA, and that they did not advocate violent overthrow of the U. S. government.

It also made it a crime for members of the Communist Party to serve on executive boards of labor unions.

In 1952, the Guatemalan Party of Labour was legalized, and Communist politicians subsequently gained considerable minority influence over peasant organizations and labor unions, but not over the governing political party ; in an election, the Guatemalan Labour Party ( PGT ) won only 4 seats in the 58-member senate of Guatemala, the governing body of the country.

His real motivation was to prevent a Communist takeover and pacify the area, with force if necessary, and purge local unions and local organizations of Communist influence.

A. Santamaria were introduced into Queensland to combat the influence of the Communist Party of Australia in the trade unions.

In 1947, well before McCarthy became active, the Conservative Coalition in Congress passed the Taft Hartley Act, designed to balance the rights of management and unions, and delegitimizing Communist union leaders.

Continued police violence, however, prompted trade unions ( and eventually the Communist Party ) to support the students, and from 13 May onwards, France was struck by a general strike.

The CCOO were organized in the 1960s by the Communist Party of Spain ( PCE ) and workers ' Roman Catholic groups to fight against the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, and for labor rights ( in opposition to the non-representative " vertical unions " in the Spanish Trade Union Organisation ).

The Workers ' Opposition demanded that Russian Communist Party secretaries at all levels cease petty interference in the operations of trade unions and that trade unions should be reinforced with staff and supplies to allow them to carry out their work effectively.

Although in later years Hepburn was to form a Liberal-Labour alliance with the Communist Party of Canada, yet as Premier he was opposed to unions and refused to let the CIO form unions in Ontario.

By the end of the 1980s, membership had fallen to just over 6, 000, 000 — little more than half the level of a decade earlier — and it also counted against the Labour Party's hopes of regaining power, as its relationship with the trade unions had traditionally been seen as a strength but after the Winter of Discontent it was seen as a liability.

The Party's ranks grew in numbers with the Party modifying its organization to include more trade unions and factories.

He emerged as the leader of the Party's right wing, which included two other Politburo members Alexei Rykov, Lenin's successor as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and Mikhail Tomsky, head of trade unions, and he became chairman of Comintern's executive committee in 1926.

Hagerty was not long in moving outside of the Socialist Party's orbit altogether, changing the focus of his efforts to the construction of new radical industrial unions.

The Socialist Party argues that its method of elections to the National Committee does not promote individuals, but instead is conceived as the selection of a rounded-out team, including both experienced as well as young or less experienced but promising members, together with members from the trade unions and youth and other aspects of the Socialist Party's work.

From the beginning a dispute over the Party's running of candidates arose with many of the official unions totally opposed to running candidates that might cause the defeat of their normal Democratic allies.

Conversely, supporters of Socialist Appeal argued that the Labour Party's funding was still based on trade unions, and the Labour Party retains support amongst the working class.

For much of the Labour Party's history, especially during the 1980s, CLPs were perceived as the more left wing faction in the Labour Party, with the unions being a more moderate or pragmatic force.

He beat Ken Livingstone in the Labour Party's internal selection, helped by its electoral college system and the absence of any requirement for affiliated trade unions to ballot their members.

Augustine Souchy of FAUD scathingly critiqued the failings of " dictatorial state socialism ," as concerns rose over proposals from the Bolsheviks that all unions should submit themselves to the Communist Party's leadership and reports began to arrive documenting the imprisonment of anarchists and socialists by the Bolsheviks.

Many left-led unions, such as the UE, simply ignored the Party's directive.

In the spring of 1930, Golos became involved in the Communist Party's " machinery of investigations ," charged with keeping tabs with the activities of a number of labor unions and party-affiliated mass organizations.

He also serves as a member of the Party's Union Caucus, having retained membership of the Service and Food Workers ' Union since working as the Legal Officer for one of its predecessor unions from 1989 to 1991.