To use an analogy, one could classify all animals into " fish " and " non-fish " but that classification would be hardly useful, and would imply that spiders are similar to mountain goats.

The term was introduced by Darwin in his groundbreaking 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described by analogy to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.

" In 1994, the Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy offered a wider definition: " By analogy with racism and sexism, the improper stance of refusing respect to the lives, dignity, or needs of animals of other than the human species.

While most avoid the tedious tasks of reading Spencer's massive volumes ( filled as they are with long passages explicating the organic analogy, with reference to cells, simple organisms, animals, humans and society ), there are some important insights that have quietly influenced many contemporary theorists, including Talcott Parsons, in his early work " The Structure of Social Action " ( 1937 ).

problem was especially pertinent to Darwin, who used the analogy of change in domesticated animals so frequently

The terms are derived through analogy with the birds of the same name: hawks are predators which attack and feed on other animals, whereas doves mostly eat seeds and fruit, and are historically a symbol of peace.

The title is an analogy of the animals most associated with Russia and China.

This discussed farmers breeding animals, gave the analogy of overpopulation and competition leading to " Natural Selection " through the " war of nature " and the mechanism of descent.

Another Quantum Leap analogy is drawn when it is mentioned that Marty can be seen not only by Jeff and various mediums, but also by animals, the mentally ill, and on one occasion, a baby.

* Analogy requires that pure water be used for ablution so wells in which dirt or carcasses of animals have fallen would be prohiibted for use according to strict analogy.

This led to americium being located right below its twin lanthanide element europium ; it was thus by analogy named after another continent, America: " The name americium ( after the Americas ) and the symbol Am are suggested for the element on the basis of its position as the sixth member of the actinide rare-earth series, analogous to europium, Eu, of the lanthanide series.

Studies are more likely to be considered sound if they use theoretical tools found in archaeology like analogy and homology and if they can demonstrate an understanding of accuracy and precision found in astronomy.

St. Thomas chose the analogy: all beings are like, or analogous to, each other in existing.

On human nature, Boethius says that humans are essentially good and only when they give in to “ wickedness ” do they “ sink to the level of being an animal .” On justice, he says criminals are not to be abused, rather treated with sympathy and respect, using the analogy of doctor and patient to illustrate the ideal relationship between prosecutor and criminal.

The names are symbolic and key to their inherent qualities and / or modes of action by analogy.

A modern teacher, Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, uses a computer analogy: main chakras are like hard drives.

Castles and Coltheart describe phonological and surface types of developmental dyslexia by analogy to classical subtypes of alexia ( acquired dyslexia ) which are classified according to the rate of errors in reading non-words.

Outside of the Roman Catholic Church, the term deuterocanonical is sometimes used, by way of analogy, to describe books that Eastern Orthodoxy, and Oriental Orthodoxy included in the Old Testament that are not part of the Jewish Tanakh, nor the Protestant Old Testament.

The analogy between the Skyrme field and the Higgs field of the electroweak sector has been used to postulate that all fermions are skyrmions.

Drawing further upon the analogy with geometric Newtonian gravity, it is natural to assume that the field equation for gravity relates this tensor and the Ricci tensor, which describes a particular class of tidal effects: the change in volume for a small cloud of test particles that are initially at rest, and then fall freely.

By analogy, the name hammer has also been used for devices that are designed to deliver blows, e. g. in the caplock mechanism of firearms.

They argue such an analogy fails because physical property is generally rivalrous while intellectual works are non-rivalrous ( that is, if one makes a copy of a work, the enjoyment of the copy does not prevent enjoyment of the original ).

By analogy, stone arches are irreducibly complex — if you remove any stone the arch will collapse — yet we build them easily enough, one stone at a time, by building over centering that is removed afterward.

In analogy to the linguistic classification, Kashubians are considered either an ethnic or a linguistic group.

Compound that are not the semantical sum of their of its constituents can be interpreted through analogy, common sense and context

These forms are called furanoses and pyranoses, respectively — by analogy with furan and pyran, the simplest compounds with the same carbon-oxygen ring ( although they lack the double bonds of these two molecules ).

By mathematical analogy: A metasyntactic variable is a word that is a variable for other words, just as in algebra letters are used as variables for numbers.

Existing binding precedent from past cases are applied in principle to new situations by analogy.

Such terms are primarily understood as negative attitudes towards certain categories of people or other things, used in an analogy with the medical usage of the term.

They are sometimes called " sex pili ", in analogy to sexual reproduction, because they allow for the exchange of genes via the formation of " mating pairs ".

An analogy that can be used to understand the advantages of an asymmetric system is to imagine two people, Alice and Bob, who are sending a secret message through the public mail.

The three kinds of charge in QCD ( as opposed to one in quantum electrodynamics or QED ) are usually referred to as " color charge " by loose analogy to the three kinds of color ( red, green and blue ) perceived by humans.

By analogy to the neurotic behavior in monkeys, he suggested that these developmental abnormalities are a major cause of adult violence amongst humans.

Simon used the analogy of a pair of scissors, where one blade is the " cognitive limitations " of actual humans and the other the " structures of the environment "; minds with limited cognitive resources can thus be successful by exploiting pre-existing structure and regularity in the environment.

He took an approach different from those before him, using this analogy not in the manner of soul-purification but in the manner that humans must have certain balances of minerals in their bodies, and that certain illnesses of the body had chemical remedies that could cure them.

By analogy with humans counting in base-10, supposedly as a result of having ten digits, the Moties count in base-12 numbers to match the combined digits on their right hands.

The picture then, by loose analogy, is that the formation of the language faculty in humans is akin to the formation of a crystal ; discrete infinity was the seed crystal in a super-saturated primate brain, on the verge of blossoming into the human mind, by physical law, once a single small, but crucial, key stone was added by evolution.

Robert Barron explains by analogy that it seems impossible for a two dimensional object to conceive of three dimensional humans.

The book makes several references to Frankenstein, as an analogy to the relationship between Ship and humans.

It is an analogy to dog whistles, which are built in such a way that their high-frequency whistle is heard by dogs, but is inaudible to humans.

In keeping with the analogy, they even used the term " Emperor " in reference to the shogun / regent, e. g. in the case of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who missionaries called " Emperor Taicosama " ( from Taiko and the honorific sama ).

The horizontal distance was cut in 1872 by a British engineer, Waynman Dixon, who believed on the analogy of the King's Chamber that such shafts must exist.

Edward Cave, who edited The Gentleman's Magazine under the pen name " Sylvanus Urban ," was the first to use the term " magazine ," on the analogy of a military storehouse of varied materiel, ultimately derived from the Arabic makhazin (" storehouses ") by way of the French language.

The argument from analogy has faced scrutiny from the likes of Norman Malcolm who have issues with the ' one case ' nature of the argument.

The watchmaker analogy, framing the argument with reference to a timepiece, dates back to Cicero, who used the example of a sundial or water-clock in his reasoning that the presence of order and purpose signify the existence of a designer.

The word " cinderella " has, by analogy, come to mean one whose attributes was unrecognised, or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect.

The Welsh mythological figure Mabon ap Modron is apparently derived from Maponos, who by analogy we may suggest was the son of the mother-goddess Dea Matrona.

This analogy has been taken further by those who suggest that today's technology-dependent world, where books have become passé ( cf.

This is often argued with an analogy of pizza delivery companies who will not deliver to high crime areas.

By analogy, anyone who spends his holiday doing his normal job is taking a " busman's holiday ".

He received a PhD in psychology from the University of Iowa in 1942 after studying under prominent social psychologist Kurt Lewin, who was working to create a " field theory " of psychology ( by analogy to physics ) to respond to the mechanistic models of the behaviorists.

The word derived from ' croup ' ( the rump of a horse ) and was by way of analogy to one who rode behind on horseback.

The analogy was made with the Senegalese Tirailleurs who, after having contributed to the liberation of France, had to wait more than forty years to receive an equal pension ( in terms of buying power ) to their French counterparts.

Representing our soul or true self by analogy as our house, Arendt wrote that " conscience is the anticipation of the fellow who awaits you if and when you come home.

This " catcher in the rye " is an analogy for Holden, who admires in kids attributes that he struggles to find in adults, like innocence, kindness, spontaneity, and generosity.

Later chapters in the books deal with atomic structure ( Mr Tompkins spends time as a conduction electron, returning to consciousness when he is annihilated in an encounter with a positron ) and thermodynamics ( the Professor expounds an analogy between the second law of thermodynamics and the bias towards the casino in gambling before being confounded by a local reversal of the second law through the intervention of Maxwell's demon who has introduced himself to Maud in one of her dreams ).

Gurdjieff gives an analogy of human life as being organized into two streams: the first stream contains those on the path to self-realization and individuality, and the second stream contains those who exist solely for the purposes of nature's ' involuntary and evolutionary constructs '.

* Claudius Didymus, a Greek grammarian, who wrote about the mistakes of Thucydides relating to analogy, a separate work about analogy among the Romans, and an epitome of the works of Heracleon.

The speech of the Sussex characters is a parody of rural dialects ( in particular Sussex and West Country accents — another parody of novelists who use phonics to portray various accents and dialects ) and is sprinkled with fake but authentic-sounding local vocabulary such as mollocking ( Seth's favourite activity, undefined but invariably resulting in the pregnancy of a local maid ), sukebind ( a weed whose flowering in the Spring symbolises the quickening of sexual urges in man and beast ; the word is presumably formed by analogy to ' woodbine ' ( honeysuckle ) and bindweed ) and clettering ( an impractical method used by Adam for washing dishes, which involves scraping them with a dry twig or clettering stick ).

This habit of living in a second hand shell gives rise to the popular name " hermit crab ", by analogy to a hermit who lives alone.

Tom Noddy ( who featured in the second episode of Marcus du Sautoy's The Code ) gave the analogy of looking at a contour map of the bubbles ' surface.

Even though Flood was making $ 90, 000 at the time, he likened the reserve clause to slavery ; it was a controversial analogy, even among those who opposed the reserve clause.