The term " Feudal Republic " was never used by the Novgorodians themselves ( indeed, feudalism is a seventeenth-century scholarly term ); rather they referred to their city-state as " His Majesty ( or Sovereign ) Lord Novgorod the Great " ( Государь Господин Великий Новгород / Gosudar ' Gospodin Velikiy Novgorod ), or more often as " Lord Novgorod the Great " ( Господин Великий Новгород / Gospodin Velikiy Novgorod ); The entire region-the city and its vast hinterlands-was known as The Novgorodian Land.

More than a beautiful visualization of the illustrious adventures and escapades of the tragi-comic knight-errant and his squire, Sancho Panza, in seventeenth-century Spain, this inevitably abbreviated rendering of the classic satire on chivalry is an affectingly warm and human exposition of character.

" However, the meaning of this term is not certain as, in late seventeenth-century usage, the term negro would have been normally used, and the phrase " black Man " could mean either dark-skinned or black-haired.

Of particular note is the Flemish infection at Fontainebleau that combined the eroticism of the French style with a precursor of the vanitas tradition that would dominate seventeenth-century Netherlandish and Flemish painting.

To the north of the church is a series of small seventeenth-century houses that now serve as trinket shops

While pressure may be measured in any unit of force divided by any unit of area, the SI unit of pressure ( the newton per square metre ) is called the pascal ( Pa ) after the seventeenth-century philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal.

Although the proliferation of costumes is of twentieth-century origin, the occasional use of costumes dates back almost to the date of casting, the oldest costume on display in the City Museum being of seventeenth-century origin.

In Belgium, a strong French architectural influence is evident in the seventeenth-century Château des Comtes de Marchin and the eighteenth-century Château de Seneffe.

The philosophy of Baruch Spinoza is a systematic, logical, rational philosophy developed in seventeenth-century Europe.

Korea, where pyonsa ( or byun-sa ) held a role and status similar to that of the Japanese benshi, in 1935 became the last country with a significant film industry to produce its first talking picture: Chunhyangjeon (/) is based on the seventeenth-century pansori folktale " Chunhyangga ", of which as many as fifteen film versions have been made through 2009.

It is believed to be closely related to the French game Écarté that was popularized in the United States by the Cornish and Pennsylvania Dutch, and to the seventeenth-century game of bad repute Loo.

It is a biography of Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, a worldly seventeenth-century French aristocrat who withdrew from society to become the founder of the Trappist order of monks.

He is known also for Sadducismus Triumphatus ( 1681 ), which decried scepticism about the existence and supernatural power of witchcraft and contained a collection of seventeenth-century folklore about witches.

The passacaglia (; ) is a musical form that originated in early seventeenth-century Spain and is still used by contemporary composers.

Originally laid out by the energetic seventeenth-century Qing emperor Kangxi, it has been modified over the years to include a noisy funfair, food stalls and emporiums, and is a favourite haunt of Kunming's youth.

Pascal's Wager ( also known as Pascal's Gambit ) is an argument in apologetic philosophy which was devised by the seventeenth-century French philosopher, mathematician, and physicist, Blaise Pascal.

He is regarded as an ideological successor of Olof Rudbeckius, a seventeenth-century professor of medicine who claimed that Sweden was the true location of the sunken Atlantis.

There is no scholarly consensus regarding which seventeenth-century English poets or poems may be regarded as in the ' metaphysical ' genre.

He is said to have been inexact in dealing with the ancients and that he had only a superficial knowledge of the Middle Ages, but he was excellent in his analysis of seventeenth-century writers.

The change of names is mentioned in seventeenth-century works by Richard James (" Epistle to Sir Harry Bourchier ", c. 1625 ) and Thomas Fuller ( Worthies of England, 1662 ).

In a seventeenth-century study, Protestant historian David Blondel argued that ' Pope Joan ' is a fictitious story.

: This is an article about the seventeenth-century poet.

A seventeenth-century painting of a woman wearing a ruff ( clothing ) | ruff, the decorative collar from which the English name of the bird is derived.

Grim the Collier of Croyden ; or, The Devil and his Dame: with the Devil and Saint Dunston is a seventeenth-century play of uncertain authorship, first published in 1662.

Here he increasingly focused on large scale paintings, tackling themes and stories unusual for seventeenth-century painters.

At Grange Park, Northington, Hampshire, in 1809, Wilkins encased and remodelled an existing seventeenth-century house, giving it something of the form of a Greek temple, with a large Doric portico at one end.

* Parish Church of San Salvatore ( Duomo ), the seventeenth-century structure located in the center of the country, with frescoes by Antonio Guadagnini.

In the seventeenth century it was in England that Machiavelli's ideas were most substantially developed and adapted, and that republicanism came once more to life ; and out of seventeenth-century English republicanism there were to emerge in the next century not only a theme of English political and historical reflection-of the writings of the Bolingbroke circle and of Gibbon and of early parliamentary radicals-but a stimulus to the Enlightenment in Scotland, on the Continent, and in America.

Literary critic Anthony W. Lee notes in his essay " Dryden's Cinyras and Myrrha " that this translation, along with several others, can be interpreted as a subtle comment on the political scene of the late seventeenth-century England.

In 1945, Sturla Gudlaugsson, a specialist in Dutch seventeenth-century painting and iconography and Director of the Netherlands Institute for Art History and the Mauritshuis in The Hague, wrote The Comedians in the work of Jan Steen and his Contemporaries, which revealed that a major influence on Jan Steen's work was the guild of the Rhetoricians or Rederijkers and their theatrical endeavors.

Caslon-old face, “ an eighteenth-century revival of a seventeenth-century typographical style ” became “ the type-face of deliberate and principled reaction or anachronism .” A type-face generally reserved for devotional and ecclesiastical work, its use in the pages of the Yellow Book at once identified it with the “ Religion of Beauty .” The use of catch-words on every page enhanced the Yellow Book ’ s link to the obsolescent.

Sidney's influence on political thought in eighteenth-century Britain and Colonial America was probably second only to that of John Locke among seventeenth-century political theorists.

Furthermore, Burrow argues that the ' metaphysical poets ' conceit was an attempt by twentieth-century writers to impose a ' high Anglican and royalist literary history ' on seventeenth-century English poetry.

She was one the most prolific women writing in early seventeenth-century England, but there was a history of insanity in her family, and she had developed a devotion to prophecy based on scriptural anagrams.

Martino Martini, a seventeenth-century Jesuit who, based on Chinese historical records, calculated that the Yellow Emperor's reign began in 2697 BC.

Notable features in Crickhowell include the seventeenth-century stone bridge over the River Usk with its odd arches ( twelve on one side, thirteen on the other ) and its seat built into the walls, the 14th-century parish church of St Edmund, and the ruins of Crickhowell Castle on the green " tump " beside the A40 Brecon to Abergavenny road.

The general inferiority of seventeenth-century literature to that of the preceding age has been blamed on the new royal absolutism, the Inquisition, the Index, and the exaggerated humanism of the Jesuits who directed higher education ; nevertheless, had a man of genius appeared he would have overcome all obstacles.

The Casina Borghese lies on the outskirts of seventeenth-century Rome.

" The country estate of Bladesover, " up on the Kentish Downs ," epitomizes a " seventeenth-century system " which offers " the clue to all England.

Copies are extant with the name of Lord Chandos inscribed on the title-page in seventeenth-century handwriting.

Bénichou first achieved prominence in 1948 with Morales du grand siècle, his work on the social context of the French seventeenth-century classics.

While a recent book by Robert Mathiesen and Theitic documents a long history of occultism within Thompson's ancestry, including the seventeenth-century alchemist, Jonathan Brewster, as well as several of the families on both sides of the Salem witch trials of 1692, there is no direct evidence of the veracity of Thompson's claims as she, her mother and any others who could have provided first-hand information are all deceased, and any written documentation has not been made public.

The later entries come from the records of the Irish aristocracy ( such as the Annals of Ulster ), and the seventeenth-century entries are based on personal recollection and observation.

André Félibien and Roger de Piles, author of Dialogue sur les coloris ( Paris, 1673 ) " were and are the best-known writers on fine arts in seventeenth-century France ".

Built specifically for the ship, it is a 90-foot gallery giving the feel of a seventeenth-century scene to visitors and shows the ship at the English port of Deptford, just before embarking on her journey to Hudson Bay.