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Indo-Iranian languages were once spoken across a still wider area.
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Indo-Iranian and languages
Some Indo-Europeanists claim that Greek seems to be most closely related to Armenian ( see also Graeco-Armenian ) and the Indo-Iranian languages ( see Graeco-Aryan ) among the living Indo-European languages.
# REDIRECT Indo-Iranian languages
The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages.
The Indo-Iranian languages occasionally go by the term " Aryan languages ".
The contemporary Indo-Iranian languages form the largest sub-branch of Indo-European, with more than one billion speakers in total, stretching from Europe ( Romani ) and the Caucasus ( Ossetian ) eastward to Xinjiang ( Sarikoli ) and Assam ( Assamese ) and south to Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese ).
The so-called Migration Period saw Indo-Iranian languages disappear from Eastern Europe, apart from the ancestors of Ossetian in the Caucasus, with the arrival of the Turkic-speaking Pechenegs and others by the eighth century AD.
The oldest attested Indo-Iranian languages are Vedic Sanskrit ( ancient Indo-Aryan ), Older and Younger Avestan and Old Persian ( ancient Iranian languages ).
simple: Indo-Iranian languages
Another recent interpretation, based on the frequencies of the syllabic signs and on complete palaeographic comparative studies, suggests that the Minoan Linear A language belongs to the Indo-Iranian family of Indo-European languages.
This qualifies Rigvedic Sanskrit as one of the oldest attestations of any Indo-Iranian language, and one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family, the family which includes English and most European languages.
Sanskrit is a member of the Indo-Iranian sub-family of the Indo-European family of languages.
Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship of the Indo-Iranian tongues with the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.
Persian is an Iranian language belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family of languages.
It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages.
The Gorani language ( which includes Horami ) is often classified as part of the Zaza – Gorani branch of Indo-Iranian languages.
The Sarmatians ( including the Alans and finally the Ossetians ) counted as Scythians in the broadest sense of the word – as speakers of Northeast Iranian languages, and are considered mostly of Indo-Iranian descent.
The Indo-Aryan or Indic languages constitute a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family.
They form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which consists of two other language groups: the Iranian and Nuristani.
Some scholars think that the problem can be resolved by identifying the Ecbatana / Hagmatana mentioned in later Greek and Achaemenid sources with the city Sagbita / Sagbat frequently mentioned in Assyrian texts, since the Indo-Iranian sound / s / turned into / h / in many Iranian languages.
Indo-Iranian and were
While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view on the role of man in the universe.
In the wake of Achaemenid expansion shrines were constructed throughout the empire and particularly influenced the role of Mithra, Aredvi Sura Anahita, Verethregna and Tishtrya, all of which, in addition to their original ( proto -) Indo-Iranian functions, now also received Perso-Babylonian functions.
The Scythians were a group of north Iranian nomadic tribes, speaking a Indo-Iranian language who had invaded Media, killed Cyrus in battle, revolted against Darius and threatened to disrupt trade between Central Asia and the shores of the Black Sea as they lived between the Danube river, river Don and the Black Sea.
The Nazis declared that the Nordics, ( nowadays referred to as the Germanic peoples ), were the true Aryans because they were less racially mixed with " non-native " Indo-European peoples than other people of what were then called the Aryan peoples ( now generally called the Indo-European peoples ), such as the Slavic peoples, the Romance peoples and the Indo-Iranian peoples.
It is commonly supposed that Indo-Iranian * Asura was the proper name of a specific divinity, with whom other divinities were then identified.
Most of these nomadic tribes and wandering pastoralists circa 2000 BC were largely Bronze-Age, Indo-Iranian populations who migrated from the steppes of Central Asia into the Iranian Plateau and Greater Iran from around 1000 BC to 800 BC ( see Indo-Aryan migration ).
The previously mentioned early Indo-Iranian kingdoms and statehoods were to a large degree the ancestors of the north-eastern Iranian tribes and the Medians, who would found the very first Iranian Empire in 625 BC.
In 1959, Kazuo Enoki proposed that they were probably East Indo-Iranians as some sources indicated that they were originally from Tokharestan, which is known to have been inhabited by Indo-Iranian people in antiquity.
The Nuristanis are a people whose ancestors practised what was apparently an ancient Indo-Iranian polytheistic Vedic religion until they were conquered and converted to Islam in the late 19th century by Emir Abdur Rahman Khan.
The Nuristani languages were often confused with each other before concluding a third branch in Indo-Iranian, and also accounting many Burushaski loanwords present in Dardic.
Skeletons from the Andronovo culture horizon ( strongly supposed to be culturally Indo-Iranian ) of south Siberia were tested for DNA.
The Kambojas were an Indo-Iranian tribe.
Thus, although it seems clear that dragon-slaying heroes ( and gods in the case of the Vedas ) " were a part of Indo-Iranian tradition and folklore, it is also apparent that Iran and India developed distinct myths early.
Indo-Iranian and once
Norse mythology also holds that the entire world of men was once created from the flesh of Ymir, a giant of cosmic proportions, which name is considered by some to share a root with the name Yama of Indo-Iranian mythology.
Indo-Iranian and spoken
There are three language families within the Indo-Iranian language family that derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian language: the Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, and other Indo-European languages of South Asia ; the Iranian languages, e. g. Persian, Kurdish and Pashto of West Asia and Central Asia ; and the Nuristani languages spoken in eastern Afghanistan.
This issue of classification is clouded by the nationalistic implications of such a classification for the political affiliations of the contested Kashmir region of South Asia and by the fact that the Dardic languages are spoken in an area that borders the region where each of the other Indo-Iranian language families is spoken.
Nuristani, a group of languages spoken in northeast Afghanistan, has sometimes been included in Dardic, but is today generally regarded as an independent group, as one of the three sub-groups of Indo-Iranian, following the studies of Georg Morgenstierne in 1973 to 1975.
Indo-Iranian and across
The Andronovo culture over the next few centuries spread across the steppes from the Urals to the Tien Shan, likely corresponding to early Indo-Iranian cultures.
Indo-Iranian and still
Kammenhuber ( 1968 ) suggested that this vocabulary was derived from the still undivided Indo-Iranian language, but Mayrhofer ( 1974 ) has shown that specifically Indo-Aryan features are present.
Indo-Iranian and area
In the same geographic area but outside of this linguistic grouping are those languages to the east and south ( most Austronesian languages ), west ( the South Asian languages, including the Indo-Iranian, Munda, and Dravidian language families ), and north ( the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic language families ).
Linguists classify the language into the Indic subgroup of Indo-European languages and consider it to be one of the Indo-Iranian languages of the area.
Indo-Iranian and .
* The original tricolor Flag of Iran, the source for the Pan-Iranian colors green, white and red adopted by many Indo-Iranian or Aryan states and peoples as their symbols.
The Andronovo, BMAC and Yaz cultures have often been associated with Indo-Iranian migrations.
are possibly of Indo-Iranian origin.
* Premiumorange. com, abstract of the study of Minoan language and its link with Indo-Iranian ( Hubert La Marle )
* Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples, edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams.
As they became increasingly Persianized they settled in the more Indo-Iranian sedentary centers such as Kashgaria, and became detached from the nomadic traditions of fellow Karluks, many of whom retained cultural elements of the Uyghur Khanate.
For example, the Germanic, Slavic, Romance, and Indo-Iranian language families are branches of a larger Indo-European language family.
In the Indo-Iranian tradition, the Rigveda exhibits notions of monism, in particular in the comparatively late tenth book, also dated to the early Iron Age, e. g. in the Nasadiya sukta.
AD ), itself taken from Indo-Iranian ( cf.
For example, Germanic and Iranian have a genetic relationship via Proto-Indo-European, but they do not form a valid taxon within the Indo-European language family, whereas in contrast Iranian and Indic do via Indo-Iranian, a daughter language of Proto-Indo-European that subsequently calved into Indic and Iranian.
is an exact cognate with Avestan Harax < sup > v </ sup > atī, perhaps originally referring to Arədvī Sūrā Anāhitā ( modern Ardwisur Anahid ), the Zoroastrian mythological world river, which would point to a common Indo-Iranian myth of a cosmic or mystical river.
Indo-Iranian migration onto the Iranian plateau and onto the Indian subcontinent propagates the use of the chariot.
The Æsir and Vanir may correspond to the Indo-Iranian and vedic Asuras and Devas.
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