Instead, radical psychologists examined the role of society in causing and treating problems and looked towards social change as an alternative to therapy to treat mental illness and as a means of preventing psychopathology.

Instead of treating his sons equally in status and land, he elevated his first-born son Lothair above his younger brothers and gave him the largest part of the Empire as his share.

The competitive Rose was sour after the game, blasting Garber and the Braves for treating the situation " like it was the ninth inning of the 7th game of the World Series " Instead of being insulted, Garber took the comment as a compliment: " I said to myself, ' Well, thanks Pete.

Instead of treating each continent separately he begins at the Straits of Gibraltar, and describes the countries adjoining the south coast of the Mediterranean ; then he moves round by Syria and Asia Minor to the Black Sea, and so returns to Spain along the north shore of the Euxine, Propontis, etc.

Instead of treating language as a collection of static lexical items and grammar rules that are learned and then used according to fixed rules, the dynamical systems view defines the lexicon as regions of state space within a dynamical system.

Instead of treating the remaining solution with lime, carbon dioxide and ammonia are pumped into the solution, then sodium chloride is added until the solution saturates at 40 ° C.

Instead of rejecting macro-measurements and macro-models of the economy, they embraced the techniques of treating the entire economy as having a supply and demand equilibrium.

Instead of treating these strings as different, through text processing, one can treat them as the same.

" Instead of treating the characters as deities, they are allocated the roles of being historical heroes who sometimes have supernatural or superhuman powers, for instance, in the Irish sources the gods are claimed to be an ancient tribe of humans known as the Tuatha Dé Danann.

Instead of treating her medically, officials were said to have drugged her into unconsciousness with sedatives for three days to keep her quiet and then transferred her to a psychiatric hospital, Asghar Psychiatric Hospital, in Karachi.

Instead of treating the Medes as a beaten foe and a subject nation, he had himself installed as king of Media and governed Media and Persia as a dual monarchy, each part of which enjoyed equal rights.

Instead, he insisted on treating the German soldiers as prisoners of war.

Instead he used capital and lower-case letters, numerals, and every typographical symbol available on his extensive and somewhat eccentric typewriter.

Instead of listing every single element, sometimes an ellipsis ("...") is used, if the writer believes that the reader can easily guess what is missing ; for example, presumably denotes the set of integers from 1 to 100.

Instead, they challenged every prosecution theory and witness, offering alternative explanations for the evidence.

Instead of a world government, the above-mentioned " Shield " resolves the problem of an American-dominated world dictatorship in a truly libertarian manner: The protagonist, who is hunted by various power groups for the secret of a personal impregnable force field which he brought from Mars, finally decides to simply reveal it to the entire world, so that every individual could thumb his or her nose at each and every Authority.

Instead, every individual reader creates a new and individual purpose, meaning, and existence for a given text.

Instead of a traditional division schedule of playing each division opponent twice, the Buccaneers played every conference team once, plus the Seahawks.

Instead of every programmer having his own special set of tools, each team should have a designated tool-maker who may create tools that are highly customized for the job that team is doing, e. g., a code generator tool that creates code based on a specification.

Instead the Cray-1 included four 6-channel controllers, each of which was given access to main memory once every four cycles.

Instead, a hammer was provided for every other column and the entire hammer bank was arranged to shift left and right, driven by another voice coil.

Instead of writing out every step of an operation in every part of the program where it was needed, programmers saved memory by writing each step of such operations once ( see " Don't repeat yourself ") and placing it in a subroutine.

Instead, it turned out that Mercury has a 3: 2 spin – orbit resonance, rotating three times for every two revolutions around the Sun ; the eccentricity of Mercury's orbit makes this resonance stable.

Instead of going through traditional distribution channels, which had some type of intermediate ( such as a distributor, wholesaler, broker, or agent ), companies may now deal with every customer directly, for example via the Internet.

Instead, they must now determine the actual network of every number before routing the call.

Instead every machine could be equipped with its own electric motor, providing easy control at the point of use, and improving power transmission efficiency.

Instead of seeking a major battle, as his predecessors had done, Charles chose a strategy of attrition, spreading the fighting at every point possible.

Instead, law enforcement is the responsibility of the county Sheriff, who is a constitutional officer elected every four years.

Instead, Congress chose to permit all persons to sue to recover three times their actual damages every time they were injured in their business or property by an antitrust violation.

Instead, for every character there might be a reference to a flyweight glyph object shared by every instance of the same character in the document ; only the position of each character ( in the document and / or the page ) would need to be stored internally.

" Instead, on every question regarding the CRC or the bail fund, Hammett took the Fifth Amendment, refusing to even identify his signature or initials on CRC documents the government had subpoenaed.

Instead of using a greater number of bits and attempting to record a signal's precise amplitude for every sample cycle, a Direct Stream Digital recorder works by encoding a signal in a series of PWM pulses of fixed amplitude but variable duration and timing.

Instead, Cerny defined the elevation of every point in the course, and stored this information in a heightmap array.

Instead, AMOS BASIC controlled the computer directly, which caused programs written in it to have a non-standard user interface, and also caused compatibility problems with newer versions of the operating system.

Instead, the user agent emulates the behavior for some HTTP headers as if they had been sent in the response header itself.

Instead, when the user made an entry, such as a new or annotated manuscript, typescript or image, he was expected to index and describe it in his personal code book.

# Active learning: Instead of assuming that all of the training examples are given at the start, active learning algorithms interactively collect new examples, typically by making queries to a human user.

Instead of user passwords, access control is based on the user's access to a network resource.

Instead of calling a user procedure ( cup ), standard procedure q can be called with

Instead, application software – such as window managers, GUI widget toolkits and desktop environments, or application-specific graphical user interfaces – define and provide such details.

Instead they fall back to an error condition displaying messages to the operator, and enter an infinite loop waiting for the user to either respond to a prompt to continue, or to reset the device.

Instead of the user wearing or carrying the display such as with head-mounted displays or handheld devices, Spatial Augmented Reality ( SAR ) makes use of digital projectors to display graphical information onto physical objects.

Instead, the microphone was contained in the main hand-held unit so that the user had to be close enough to, in effect, " interview " the cat.

Instead, development focussed on methods to send pages to user terminals pre-rendered, using coding strategies similar to facsimile machines.

Instead, the board had two empty sockets, which could be user upgraded by purchasing the C / MS chips directly from Creative.

Instead of showing only, for example, popular movies or some critical reviews, one Search lists local theaters that at the moment are playing the movie, along with user ratings and news headlines regarding the movie.

Instead of typing " BLDLIBR MYLIB, 100, 30 " to create a user program library, an operator could use menus to find the description " Create a user library " and fill in a form to accomplish the same goal.

Instead, production of the 940s was turned over to the Systems Engineering Department, which manufactured systems customised to user requirements.

Instead of individual slides these ZUIs ( zoom user interface ) are based on one infinite canvas on which all content is presented.

) Instead of explicitly dividing up memory and other resources among users, which had been the traditional approach, CP provided each user with a simulated stand-alone System / 360 computer.

Instead of communicating a copy of the image, Google provides HTML instructions that direct a user ’ s browser to a website publisher ’ s computer that stores the full-size photographic image.

Instead, for example, a rectangular outline of the window might be drawn during the drag, with the complete window contents being redrawn only once the user had released the mouse button.

Instead, with an Altazimuth mount, the user must nudge the scope every few minutes along both axes to compensate for the rotation of the Earth to keep an object in view.

Instead, they collect the learning material by themselves from the example material supplied by the user or programmer.

Instead, various pieces of the technology and user interface that would go into the package ( such as a new file management dialog ) were demonstrated.

Instead, in a system with capabilities, the mere fact that a user program possesses that capability entitles it to use the referenced object in accordance with the rights that are specified by that capability.