Insulin resistance is a major feature of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ( T2DM ), and central obesity is correlated with both insulin resistance and T2DM itself.

* Insulin binding – When insulin attaches itself to something else.

* Insulin injections of a mixture of rapid and intermediate acting insulin are performed two or three times daily.

* Insulin receptor substrate, a protein family involved in the insulin signaling pathway ( insulin response )

* Insulin pumps make it possible to deliver more precise amounts of insulin than can be injected using a syringe.

* Insulin pumps can provide an accurate record of insulin usage through their history menus.

* Insulin pumps, cartridges, and infusion sets are far more expensive than syringes used for insulin injection.

* Insulin pumps are being used for infusing pramlintide ( brand name Symlin, or synthetic amylin ) with insulin for improved postprandial glycemic control compared to insulin alone.

In North America in 2004, many endocrinologists prefer the term Flexible Insulin Therapy ( FIT ) to " intensive therapy " and use it to refer to any method of replacing insulin that attempts to mimic the pattern of small continuous basal insulin secretion of a working pancreas combined with larger insulin secretions at mealtimes.

Basal Insulin: the insulin that controls blood glucose levels between meals and overnight.

Insulin receptor substrates are molecules that function in signaling by regulating the effects of insulin.

Insulin resistance ( IR ) is a physiological condition where cells are no longer able to respond to the normal actions of the hormone insulin.

Insulin resistance in muscle and fat cells reduces glucose uptake ( and also local storage of glucose as glycogen and triglycerides, respectively ), whereas insulin resistance in liver cells results in reduced glycogen synthesis and storage and a failure to suppress glucose production and release into the blood.

Insulin resistance normally refers to reduced glucose-lowering effects of insulin.

*** LMNA mutations ( Familial Partial Lipodystrophy ) Insulin resistance may also be caused by the damage of liver cells having undergone a defect of insulin receptors in hepatocytes.

Insulin resistance is also occasionally found in patients who use insulin.

Insulin is prepared as two insulin molecules linked by a c-peptide.

* Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( CSII ) – See: Insulin pump

Insulin made by a person's own pancreas is endogenous insulin.

* Insulin allergy – This occurs when a person's body has an allergic or bad reaction to taking insulin made from non-human insulin ( e. g., from pork or beef or from bacteria ).

* Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance has been proposed at a molecular level to be a reaction to excess nutrition by superoxide dismutase in cell mitochondria that acts as an antioxidant defense mechanism.

Insulin resistance has also been linked to PCOS (< u > p </ u > oly < u > c </ u > ystic < u > o </ u > vary < u > s </ u > yndrome ) as either causing it or being caused by it.

Insulin resistance often progresses to full Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ).

Insulin resistance is often found in people with visceral adiposity ( i. e., a high degree of fatty tissue within the abdomen – as distinct from subcutaneous adiposity or fat between the skin and the muscle wall, especially elsewhere on the body, such as hips or thighs ), hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia involving elevated triglycerides, small dense low-density lipoprotein ( sdLDL ) particles, and decreased HDL cholesterol levels.

Insulin resistance is also often associated with a hypercoagulable state ( impaired fibrinolysis ) and increased inflammatory cytokine levels.

* Insulin resistance at the Open Directory Project

simple: Insulin resistance

* Insulin resistance – a condition in which a cell is resistant to insulin action, usually as a result of Type 2 diabetes which is characterized by insulin resistance in about two-thirds of the body's cells ( those which require insulin in order to absorb glucose from the blood ).

* Insulin resistance ( often patients have already been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 ) due to pancreatic damage from iron deposition

Insulin resistance is accompanied by skin changes such as acanthosis nigricans in the axilla and around the neck, as well as skin tags in the axilla.

* Insulin resistance

* Insulin resistance

Incidence of Insulin resistance is lowered with diets higher in monounsaturated fats ( especially oleic acid ), while the opposite is true for diets high in polyunsaturated fats ( especially large amounts of arachidonic acid ) as well as saturated fats ( such as arachidic acid ), these ratios can be indexed in the phospholipids of human skeletal muscle and in other issues as well.

* Insulin resistance

; Modified Insulin Suppression Test

* Insulin reaction – Too low a level of blood glucose ( i. e., ' sugar ') in the blood ; also called hypoglycemia.

Insulin was thought to control the metabolism of sugar ; its lack led to an increase of sugar in the blood which was then excreted in urine.

* Insulin receptors – Protein complexes on the surface of a cell that allows the cell to join or bind with insulin that is in the blood.

Insulin docks onto the cell and opens it so that these nutrients can enter.

Insulin is labelled here in green, glucagon in red, and the cell nucleus | nuclei in blue.

Insulin binds to its receptor ( 1 ) on the cell membrane which in turn starts many protein activation cascades ( 2 ).

Insulin has a regulatory role in the transportation of cations across the cell membrane.