One journal to precede Nature was titled Recreative Science: A Record and Remembrancer of Intellectual Observation, which, created in 1859, began as a natural history magazine and progressed to include more physical observational science and technical subjects and less natural history.

Intellectual history refers to the history of human thoughts in written form.

Intellectual history is closely related to the history of philosophy and the history of ideas.

Intellectual history as a self-conscious discipline is a relatively recent phenomenon.

* Intellectual history

* Jewish Intellectual Timeline, a parallel history of intellectual contributions and advances by Jewish and non-Jewish thinkers

In the 1930s, Morison wrote a series of books on the history of Harvard University and New England, including Builders of the Bay Colony: A Gallery of Our Intellectual Ancestors ( 1930 ), The Founding of Harvard College ( 1935 ), Harvard College in the Seventeenth Century ( 1936 ), Three Centuries of Harvard: 1636 – 1936 ( 1936 ), and The Puritan Pronaos ( 1936 ).

" Chinese Learning and Intellectual Life ," The Cambridge history of Japan: Heian Japan.

* Intellectual history of Whigs and Democrats.

* Intellectual history

Contributions to the discipline of history: Draper is well known also as the author of The History of the Intellectual Development of Europe ( 1862 ), applying the methods of physical science to history, a History of the American Civil War ( 3 vols., 1867 – 1870 ), and a History of the Conflict between Religion and Science ( 1874 ).

* UN Intellectual History Project – Academic study of UN history

* Intellectual history

* Gobineau, Arthur ( Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau ) The Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races, with particular reference to their perspective influence in the civil and political history of mankind translated by Henry Hotze

# REDIRECT Intellectual history

The 1988 – 1993 advertising campaign was the most successful in the company's 200 year history ; Freberg was elevated to cult status, parodied on Saturday Night Live and SCTV, dubbed a " Pop Intellectual " by GQ magazine, and named " The Most Annoying Geek of the ' 90s " by TV Tome.

Panchmukhi Shiksha attempts a balance of the five aspects of education, namely Physical, Practical, Aesthetic, Moral and Intellectual and aims at all round harmonious development of personality.

One example of an organization that promotes performers rights is the World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ), founded in 1967, a specialized agencies of the United Nations that aims for the international protection of intellectual property rights.

Intellectual property-non-corporeal things like ideas, plans, orderings and arrangements ( musical compositions, novels, computer programs )-are generally considered valid property to those who support an effort justification, but invalid to those who support a scarcity justification, since they don't have the exclusivity property ( however they may still support other ' intellectual property '- laws such as Copyright, as long as these are a subject of contract instead of government arbitration ).

Intellectual property laws confer a bundle of exclusive rights in relation to the particular form or manner in which ideas or information are expressed or manifested, and not in relation to the ideas or concepts themselves ( see idea-expression divide ).

In the United States, he became acquainted with novelist Ayn Rand, a contributing editor to a publication devoted to her ideas, The Intellectual Activist, and a speaker at The Thomas Jefferson School, an intellectual conference of similar purpose.

Intellectual historians, however, take into considerations factors such as sources, approaches, audience, language, and literary genres in addition to ideas.

During her lifetime, Ayn Rand helped establish The Foundation for the New Intellectual, to promote Objectivist ideas.

In a review for the Objectivist magazine The Intellectual Activist, Harry Binswanger said the book provided the first " full, systematic, non-fiction expression " of Objectivism, and said it was filled with " many electrifying ideas, elegant formulations, and majestic overviews.

Otlet was also an idealist and peace activist, pushing internationalist political ideas that were embodied in the League of Nations and its International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation ( forerunner of UNESCO ), working alongside his colleague Henri La Fontaine, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913, to achieve their ideas of a new world polity that they saw arising from the global diffusion of information and the creation of new kinds of international organization.

At the funeral of Adorno he met the editor Unseld who encouraged him to crystallize his ideas in his major work Intellectual and manual labor.

* Intellectual, one who tries to use his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas

The Intellectual triad could be compared to the Neoplatonic ideas ( Intellect = Nous ) and this here represents the highest subdivision.

The Plaque cited Prof. Jose David Lapuz for " Promoting Intellectual Rizalist Cooperation through the sharing of Rizalian ideas and thoughts ; for promoting Rizalist Education as an instrument of nationalist and internationalist culture towards the achievement of World Peace and Human Understanding ; for reaffirming his belief in the freedom of human expression and human dignity through the advocacy of justice and human rights for all regardles of race, color or creed ; and specially, for addressing the faculty and students of San Beda College.

From Plato come their punishments, their rivers of the underworld and the changing from body to body ; as for the plurality they assert in the Intellectual Realm — the Authentic Existent, the Intellectual-Principle, the Second Creator and the Soul — all this is taken over from the Timaeus.

* The Origins of the French Revolution, The French Revolution: The Moderate Stage, 1789 – 1792, and The French Revolution: The Radical Stage, 1792 – 1794, three essays from The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History

The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism.

The journal ’ s name changed from its original title to Intellectual Observer: A Review of Natural History, Microscopic Research, and Recreative Science and then later to the Student and Intellectual Observer of Science, Literature, and Art.

Mao ’ s " Intellectual " Marxist development can be divided into five major periods: ( 1 ) The Initial Marxist Period from 1920 – 1926 ; ( 2 ) the formative Maoist period from 1927 – 1935 ; ( 3 ) the mature Maoism period from 1935 – 1940 ; ( 4 ) the civil war period from 1940 – 1949 ; and ( 5 ) the post-1949 period, following the revolutionary victory.

Intellectual level among people with CP varies from genius to intellectually impaired, as it does in the general population, and experts have stated that it is important to not underestimate a person with CP's capabilities and to give them every opportunity to learn.

Illustrious Immigrants: The Intellectual Migration from Europe, 1930 / 41, Chicago: U of Chicago, 1971.

Intellectual disability is a broad concept that ranges from mental retardation to cognitive deficits too mild or too specific ( as in specific learning disability ) to qualify as mental retardation.

* Yehudah Mirsky, " An Intellectual and Spiritual Biography of Rabbi Avraham Yitzhaq Ha-Cohen Kook from 1865 to 1904 ," Ph. D. Dissertation, Harvard University, 2007.

In 2007, it was reported that International Intellectual Property Alliance put 23 of the world's 30 most populous countries into Priority Watch List, even though the United States, which was not in the list, has laws that are more liberal than the laws from the countries within the list.

Intellectual rights ( from the French " droits intellectuels ") is a term sometimes used to refer to the legal protection afforded to owners of intellectual capital.

In 2000, the Religious Technology Center unsuccessfully attempted to gain the Web domain www. scientologie. org from the WIPO ( World Intellectual Property Organization ; one of the 16 specialized agencies of the United Nations ), in a legal action against the Free Zone.

* Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ( from WTO )

* Anon T., " Lettre de Charles Villers à Georges Cuvier, de l ' Institut National de France, & c. A Letter from Charles Villers to Georges Cuvier, Member of the National Institute of France, on a New Theory of the Brain, as the immediate Organ of the Intellectual and Moral Faculties ; by Dr. Gall of Vienna.

SAIC had claimed that it had already acquired Intellectual Property Rights in some Rover product for £ 67million in the autumn of 2004, including the Rover 25, the Rover 75 and the Rover Powertrain K-series engine, but the Administrators advised that there was still interest in saving some other parts of the company, including MG, and 13 May 2005 was set as the deadline for bids from potential investors.

* Microsoft has decided to appeal a verdict to pay from a Chicago federal jury that affirms the Internet Explorer web browser violated Intellectual Property rights of Eolas Technologies ( concerning Patent US 5838906 ).

The Vinod Gupta School of Management was built from alumni funding The Vinod Gupta School of Management ( VGSOM ) and Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law were established with donated funds from Vinod Gupta ( founder, Infogroup ) along with support from the government of India.