# That by retroactively extending copyright terms, Congress had violated the requirements of the Constitution's Copyright Clause, which gives Congress the following power: " To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries " ( emphasis added ) Plaintiffs argued that by reading this formulation so as to allow for any number of retroactive extensions, Congress could in practice guarantee an unlimited period of copyright protection, thus thwarting the intent of the clause.

Inventors Augustus Applegath, Sir Hiram Maxim and Jack Wall, inventor of the Crayford focuser, which is incorporated into many modern telescopes were also residents.

The cordierite ceramic substrate used in most catalytic converters was invented by Rodney Bagley, Irwin Lachman and Ronald Lewis at Corning Glass, for which they were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2002.

In 2004 the Turbine Hall was closed from September through November for renovations in which the Discovery Space and Technology Lab changed places and a new Inventors Ballroom was added.

The Young Inventors Awards ( YIA ) which began in 2000, was organized by FEER in association with Hewlett-Packard ( HP ).

Patent of the first orally highly active progestin, which led to the development of the oral contraceptive, elected to the USA Inventors Hall of Fame

In 1920 he was invited to make a claim — which was unsuccessfully contested by the Clerget licensees — and was later awarded £ 8, 000 from the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors.

Dragonlance racial guilds include the " Krynn Race Guild ", which allows the character to adopt a surname based in Dragonlance books, and the " Inventors " of Mount Nevermind.

Mr. Reuter has also started a new game company called, “ Game Inventors of America ,” which is located in Corinth, Texas.

In November 1975, the World's Inventors Fair in Brussels awarded Lefebure the Silver Medal for his method: " Phosphenic Mixing Applied to Education " which in 2004, has been printed 16 times and has sold more than 58 thousand copies.

Parkinson, U. S. Patent 5, 572, 218, " System and method for generating precise position determinations "-for which Parkinson was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame in 2004

* Inventors Jim Bornhorst and Rusty Brutsche applied for a patent on Vari-Lite, a " computer controlled lighting system having automatically variable position, color, intensity and beam divergence ", which would become a standard feature in concerts and stage productions.

He has spoken at Rockefeller University, the World Economic Forum, Sun Microsystems, Hewlett Packard, Calvin Academy, Caltech, MIT, Google, Harvard, University of Wisconsin, OHSU, National Inventors Hall of Fame, Kentucky Author Forum, and TEDxGotham.

The National Inventors Hall of Fame has honored Bernard M. Oliver

Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective ... Discoveries .” These scholars argue that this clause specifically prohibits a first-to-file system because the term " inventor " refers to a person who has created something that has not existed before.

Young Inventors International has a membership of approximately 1400 with the world-wide headquarters located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

In addition, the National Inventors Hall of Fame is involved with many ventures as well as special projects with national partners.

Inventors may, for example, try to improve something by making it more effective, healthier, faster, more efficient, easier to use, serve more purposes, longer lasting, cheaper, more ecologically friendly, or aesthetically different, lighter weight, more ergonomic, structurally different, with new light or color properties, etc.

Inventors joined lawyers in the clamor for reform, inevitably centering upon the Selden litigation as a `` horrible example ''.

The Copyright Clause of the United States Constitution ( 1787 ) authorized copyright legislation: " To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.

* In 1976, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

He is a member of the National Inventors Hall of Fame and the International Telecommunications Union's roster of great inventors.

In 1980 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, and was on a U. S. postage stamp in 1983.

Inventors can now have their insurance US patent applications reviewed by the public in the Peer to Patent program.

George H. Heilmeier was inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame and credited with the invention of LCD.

Inventors set about looking for improved processes that would be more practical.

* Kurzweil was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2002 for inventing the Kurzweil Reading Machine.

He was posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

Inventors feel the need to play with things that interest them, and to explore, and this internal drive brings about novel creations.

Inventors often envision a new idea, seeing it in their mind's eye.

Inventors are often famous for their confidence, their perseverance and their passion.

Inventors have developed mechanical labor-saving devices not only for the shop and office, but also for the home.

* Bellis, Mary, " Inventors Sir James Dewar " from about. com

In 1982, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

* James Edward Maceo West ( born 1941 ), co-inventor of the foil electret microphone and member of the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

The National Inventors Hall of Fame ( NIHF ) is a U. S. not-for-profit organization dedicated to recognizing, honoring and encouraging invention and creativity through the administration of its programs.

There was no lock on the door, only an iron hook which he unfastened.

An understanding of the new role of residential association in an industrial society serves to illuminate the forces which have fashioned the iron cage of conformity which imprisons the churches in their suburban captivity.

Some predict the administration will settle down during 1961 and iron out the rough edges which it has had thus far.

Nobel also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannon and other armaments.

Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit people.

Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz ( SiO < sub > 2 </ sub >) and owes its violet color to irradiation, iron impurities ( in some cases in conjunction with transition element impurities ), and the presence of trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions.

The first deposit on the wall of a cavity, forming the " skin " of the agate, is generally a dark greenish mineral substance, like celadonite, delessite or " green earth ", which are rich in iron probably derived from the decomposition of the augite in the enclosing volcanic rock.

Sir Henry Bessemer had invented the furnace which allowed the high carbon content of pig iron to be burnt away in a controlled and rapid way.

In 1888, Carnegie bought the rival Homestead Steel Works, which included an extensive plant served by tributary coal and iron fields, a 425-mile ( 685 km ) long railway, and a line of lake steamships.

In 1947, Poland founded a museum on the site of Auschwitz I and II, which by 2010 had seen 29 million visitors — 1, 300, 000 annually — pass through the iron gates crowned with the infamous motto, Arbeit macht frei (" work makes free ").

The following year they launched Warrior, which was twice the size and had iron armour over an iron hull.

The project involved 3, 400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. Perhaps the most famous popular culture representation of the building is in the 1933 film King Kong, in which the title character, a giant ape, climbs to the top to escape his captors but falls to his death after being attacked by airplanes.

As an example, an iron or steel ship's hull may be protected by a zinc sacrificial anode, which will dissolve into the seawater and prevent the hull from being corroded.

Dürer's belief in the abilities of a single artist over inspiration prompted him to assert that " one man may sketch something with his pen on half a sheet of paper in one day, or may cut it into a tiny piece of wood with his little iron, and it turns out to be better and more artistic than another's work at which its author labours with the utmost diligence for a whole year.

< font face =" arial " color =" red "> Wire carrying current to be measured .</ font >< font face =" arial " color =" green "> Spring providing restoring force </ font > This illustration is conceptual ; in a practical meter, the iron core is stationary, and front and rear spiral springs carry current to the coil, which is supported on a rectangular bobbin.

Moving iron ammeters use a piece of iron which moves when acted upon by the electromagnetic force of a fixed coil of wire.

The town is famed for manufacturing the hardest and densest building bricks in the world, " The Accrington NORI " ( iron ), which were used in the construction of the Empire State Building and for the foundations of Blackpool Tower ; famous for its football team and for having Europe's largest collection of Tiffany Glass.

Particularly important is the ability to sequester iron, which is the function of iron-binding proteins such as transferrin and ferritin.

Red brass is also an alternative name for copper alloy C23000, which is composed of 14 – 16 % zinc, 0. 05 % iron and lead, and the remainder copper.

A number of Islamic writers and the 13th century Italian Marco Polo describe how this was obtained by sublimation from zinc ores and condensed onto clay or iron bars, archaeological examples of which have been identified at Kush in Iran.

This mammoth wooden ship was constructed using teak, without any iron or blueprints and which has transportation capacity of 400 tonnes.